States of Matter
What are the three most common states of matter found on Earth?
Solid, liquid, gas
What does the particle theory say all matter is made of?
Particles / atoms
What is the centre of an atom called?
the nucleus
What is the name of the chart that arranges elements by increasing atomic number?
Periodic table
What is the term for a testable prediction in an experiment?
hypothesis
In which state of matter do particles have the least amount of energy?
Solid
According to particle theory, what is the main difference between the particles in a solid and a liquid?
Solid particles are tightly packed and only vibrate, while liquid particles are close together but can move past each other
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
a proton
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table are called what?
groups
What is the name of the variable that you change in an experiment?
independent variable
What state of matter has no fixed shape but has a fixed volume?
Liquid
In terms of particle movement, what happens when a substance is heated?
The particles move faster
Where are electrons located in an atom?
energy levels or shells / orbit the nucleus
What do elements in the same group typically have in common?
similar chemical properties or the same number of valence electrons
What do you call the variable that you measure or observe in an experiment?
dependent variable
What is the process called when a solid turns directly into a gas?
Sublimation
What does particle theory say about the spaces between particles in a gas compared to a solid?
The spaces are much larger in a gas than in a solid
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2
What is the name of the horizontal rows in the periodic table?
periods
What term refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value?
Accuracy
Name the state of matter found in stars, which consists of charged particles.
Plasma
How does particle theory explain diffusion (spreading out) in gases?
Particles move quickly and spread out to fill all available space.
How many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom with the electron configuration 2, 8, 5?
5
As you move from left to right across a period, what happens to the ionisation energy of the elements?
generally increases
What term describes how well an experiment tests what it is supposed to test?
Validity