Atomic Structure
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the atomic number of an element?
H
What is the symbol for the element with atomic number 1?
A process in which substances are transformed into new substances with different properties.
What is a chemical reaction?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the atomic number?
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6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a neutral atom of Carbon-12?
Group 18
Which group on the periodic table contains the noble gases?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
What is the product of a combustion reaction involving methane (CH₄) and oxygen (O₂)?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is an isotope?
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2, 5 (2 electrons in the first shell and 5 in the second)
What is the electron configuration of nitrogen (atomic number 7)?
Atomic size decreases as you move from left to right across a period.
What is the trend in atomic size as you move across a period from left to right on the periodic table?
A + B → AB (two reactants combine to form a product)
What is the general form of a synthesis reaction?
Positive
What is the charge of a proton?
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35 (17 protons + 18 neutrons = 35 mass number).
What is the mass number of an isotope of chlorine that has 18 neutrons?
Fluorine
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Zinc displaces hydrogen from the acid, producing zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂).
In a displacement reaction, what happens when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
The sum of protons and neutrons in the atom.
What is the atomic mass?
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An ion is an atom with a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons, while an isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What is the difference between an ion and an isotope?
Alkali metals are highly reactive because they have one electron in their outer shell, while halogens are reactive because they have seven electrons and tend to gain one electron to fill their outer shell.
What is the difference between the elements in Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 17 (halogens) in terms of their reactivity?
Exothermic reactions release energy (usually as heat), while endothermic reactions absorb energy.
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions in terms of energy?
2, 6
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
This mysterious substance makes up about 27% of the universe, but because it does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, scientists can only infer its existence through gravitational effects.
What is dark matter?