Structure of the Earth/Plate tectonics
What are the three main layers of the Earth? (Place them in order from the centre of the Earth outwards)
Core, mantle and Crust.
What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
Epicentre – directly above the focus, this is the first place to feel the earthquake
What is the thinnest layer of the earth?
Crust
What type of boundary can produce volcanoes?
Convergent and Transforming plates
What is the super continent that Alfred Wegner explained in his theory?
Pangea
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic and continental
What is the difference between a dormant and extinct volcano
Dormant vocanoes have not been active for over 10 years, but could still erupt in the future.
Extinct volcanoes - have not erupted for thousands of years and are never likely to erupt again.
What layers make up the asthenosphere?
Crust and upper mantle
What type of boundary creates new parts of the sea floor?
Divergent
What landform is created when two continental plates collide?
A mountain range
What are the three types of tectonic plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent and transform.
Which of the plate tectonic boundaries can create volcanoes?
Divergent and convergent
What are the four layers of the Earth (both layers of the core)?
Crust, mantle, Inner core, Outer core
What is plate tectonics?
The theory that the plates move on convection currents; OR that the earth's crust is divided into plates thathave moved over time to separate the continents
What is the Earth's core mainly composed of?
Iron and Nickel
Which layer of the Earth is broken up into pieces called plate tectonics?
Lithosphere (the crust and upper part of the mantle)
Which of the plate boundaries can create earthquakes?
All (Divergent, convergent and transform)
What is the hottest layer of the Earth?
The core
What is subduction? Give an example.
Denser plates move under less dense plates. Eg. oceanic plates move under continental plates
What is the primary cause of volcanoes and earthquakes?
Crustal plate movement (Or transform, convergent or divergent plate movement)
Describe the motion of each of the three plate boundaries.
Divergent - move away from each other
Convergent - move toward each other, crashing into each other
Transform - Slide along each other horizontally
Which of the following can trigger a tsunami (you may select multiple answers):
(a) An earthquake
(b) Tropical storms
(c) Colliding tectonic plates
(d) Volcanoes
a, c and d
Other than the inner core what is the most solidified layer of the Earth?
Crust
What type of boundary causes the sea floor to be destroyed?
Subduction
How many times is energy of an earthquake mulitplied by for each level on the richter scale?
33 times