Earth Spheres
Which sphere consists of all the gases surrounding Earth?
Atmosphere
What cycle describes water changing from liquid to vapor to liquid again?
Water Cycle
What term describes the process by which countries become more connected economically, socially and politically?
Globalisation
What is the long‑term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature called?
Global Warming
What happens to coral reefs when sea temperatures rise too high for too long?
Coral Bleaching
Planting trees to absorb CO₂ is an example of what type of climate response?
Mitigation
Which sphere is made up of all the water on, under, and above Earth’s surface?
Hydrosphere
What cycle involves carbon moving between the atmosphere, living things and the Earth?
Carbon Cycle
What is the movement of people from one place to another across national borders called?
Migration
What kind of data comes from tree rings, ice cores, and sediments to show past climate?
HINT: Palaeontologists study ancient organisms
Paleoclimate Data
What vital resource is reduced for many people during droughts and heat‑waves?
Water Supply
Building sea‑walls and adjusting cities for climatic changes is an example of what?
Adaptation
Which sphere includes all living things on Earth?
Biosphere
What natural process returns nutrients and matter back into the lithosphere via decay?
Decomposition/Nutrient Cycle
What major human activity increases greenhouse gases by burning coal, oil or gas?
Fossil-Fuel Combustion
What is the shrinking of glaciers and ice sheets an example of?
Global Warming
What do coastal communities face when sea‑level rise and storms combine?
Coastal Flooding
What term describes putting a cost on carbon emissions to discourage them?
Carbon Tax
Which sphere comprises the solid crust and the upper mantle of Earth?
Lithosphere
Which cycle describes the movement of rocks through molten, sedimentary and metamorphic phases?
Rock Cycle
What process involves trees absorbing CO₂ and producing oxygen, acting as a sink for carbon?
Photosynthesis
What is the term for the rise in mean sea level due to melting ice and expansion of water?
Sea-Level Rise
What happens when disease‑carrying insects move into new regions due to warming?
Spread of Vector Borne Diseases
What term describes capturing CO₂ from emissions and storing it underground?
Carbon Sink
When water evaporates from the sea into the air, which two spheres are interacting?
Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
What cycle involves nitrogen moving between the atmosphere, soil, plants, and animals?
Nitrogen Cycle
Which technological advance allows goods, services and information to flow globally faster than ever?
Digital Communication / Internet
What global measurement shows rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration
What potent greenhouse gas is released when permafrost thaws?
Methane
What global agreement aims to limit warming to well below 2°C above pre‑industrial levels?
Paris Agreement