I have/have been
Who, That, Which, Whose, When, Where, Why
Not a verb
Gerund or infinitive
Passive Passive
100
I have been a student at Mito 商業...
For three years.
100
He is a boy.
He is very smart.
He is the boy who is very smart.
100
The (broke) smartphone is hard to use.
The broken smarthphone is hard to use.
100
He enjoys (play) basketball.
He enjoys playing basketball.
GERUND
100
The lesson was made by Josh.
Josh made the sentence.
200
I have been to Okinawa...
- once
- twice
- X times.
200
This is my favorite movie.
It was filmed in Canada.
This is my favorite movie that was filmed in Canada.
200
The (rest) woman returned to work.
The rested woman returned to work.
200
(Go) to Tokyo is expensive.
Going to Tokyo is expensive.
GERUND
200
The students studied English
English was studied by the students.
300
I have been ... since...
I have been studying English since April.
I have been climbing since 2020.
300
This is my favorite author!
His book is on sale.
This is my favorite author whose book is on sale.
300
The (growl) dog scared the children
The growling dog scared the children.
300
I hope (buy) a new smartphone next weekend.
I hope to buy a new smartphone next weekend.
INFINITIVE
300
The mouse ate the cheese.
The cheese was eaten by the mouse.
400
I have ... times
I have been to Tottori 5 times.
I have seen this movie 10 times.
I have eaten sushi 3 times this week.
400
I climbed Mt Fuji.
I climbed it in the summer.
I climbed Mt Fuji when it was summer.
400
I had to stand in the (crowd) bus.
I had to stand in the crowded bus.
400
He wants (talk) to the teacher (sleep) in the office.
He wants to talk to the teacher sleeping in the office.
INFINITIVE, GERUND
400
Towa wrote a letter to Ryuga.
The letter to Ryuga was written by Towa.
500
I have never...
I have never been to Hokkaido
I have never eaten puffer fish (フグ)
I have never owned a dog.
500
I failed my test.
My mom wants to know the reason.
My mom wants to know why I failed my test.
500
The (laugh) children, (wear) festive hats, enjoyed a birthday party.
The laughing children, wearing festive hats, enjoyed a birthday party.
500
You need (use) 3D glasses when (watch) a 4DX movie.
You need to use 3D glasses when watching a 4DX movie.
INFINITIVE, GERUND
500
Maya follows a TikTok user with 1 million followers.
The TikTok user with 1 million followers is followed by Maya.