Rhetorical Devices
The repetition of “Climb the mountain” for emphasis.
What is anaphora?
The language is calm, simple, and positive.
What is McCullough’s diction like in the conclusion?
The overall tone at the end of the speech.
What is hopeful and reflective?
Doing good for others instead of seeking praise.
What is selflessness?
The ending moment of a graduation speech.
What is the occasion?
A list like “embrace the challenge, enjoy the air, behold the view” creates flow and rhythm.
What is parallelism?
Words like “embrace,” “enjoy,” and “behold” create this feeling.
What is a peaceful and reflective tone?
The earlier tone was funny and sharp; this one is gentle and sincere.
How does the tone shift from the first excerpt?
Speaking honestly but kindly.
What is integrity?
To inspire students to live with meaning and humility.
What is McCullough’s purpose?
Encouraging listeners to act morally and help others.
What is an appeal to ethos?
His word choice is much softer than earlier sarcasm.
How does his diction change from the start?
This emotional effect leaves the audience motivated, not embarrassed.
What is the impact of tone on the audience?
Leading with modesty and perspective.
What is humility?
Graduates and families listening in person and later online.
Who is the audience?
Ending with “you’re not special,” but giving it a new, positive meaning.
What is irony?
Gentle language at the end makes the audience feel this way.
What is encouraged and inspired?
Warmth and sincerity show this about McCullough’s attitude.
What shows McCullough cares about his students?
Using success to help others, not just yourself.
What is responsibility?
Finding happiness in effort, not attention.
What is the subject of this excerpt?
Moving from a sharp, funny tone to a hopeful one.
What is a tone shift?
The diction reminds graduates to live for meaning, not attention.
How does word choice connect to his purpose?
Ending with this tone helps the message feel complete and inspiring.
Why does McCullough end with a hopeful tone?
Serving others rather than seeking attention.
What is true leadership?
This ending ties together his entire argument.
How does this conclusion support the overall purpose?