Terms
Bactrim, or TMX-SMP is an abbreviation for these two antibiotics.
What is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
This class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
What are Beta-Lactams
Gram positive and gram negative bacteria stain what color?
Positive: purple
Negative: pink/red
When grown on blood agar, Staph aureus produces zones of complete red blood cell breakdown, demonstrating this specific pattern of hemolysis.
Beta-hemolysis
On light microscopy, Streptococcus pyogenes displays this specific Gram reaction, cell shape, and grouping pattern.
What is Gram positive cocci in chains
Empiric treatment means what?
What are medication/ treatment initiated prior to confirmed test results/diagnosis
What is a soft, compressible, wave-like feeling on palpation caused by fluid beneath the skin or within a tissue space?
What is Fluctuance
A patient is taking an antibiotic that needs to be avoided in patients under 18 years of age because it inhibits proper collagen synthesis properties. The drug is most likely of what class of antibiotic?
What are fluoroquinolones?
The primary stain applied in the gram stain process is called what?
What is crystal violet
When S. aureus becomes MRSA, the mecA gene creates resistance to penicillins and other beta-lactams by altering this specific drug target.
What are Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP)
Group A Strep frequently causes this superficial, contagious pediatric skin infection characterized by classic "honey-colored" crusts around the mouth and nose.
What is Impetigo
You should skip straight to IV antibiotics if what is suspected?
What is sepsis or systemic infection
A small, raised, inflamed skin lesion that contains pus and typically has a white or yellow center is referred to as this?
What is a pustule
The main route of administration for Penicillin type G is most likely what?
What is IV or IM
After step 2 of the gram staining process (Gram iodine addition), the gram negative and positive bacteria are what color?
What is purple
This cell wall component evades host humoral immunity by binding the Fc region of IgG, thereby preventing opsonization and phagocytosis.
What is Protein A
This primary surface virulence factor of S. pyogenes prevents phagocytosis by degrading complement factor C3b and shares structural homology with human cardiac myosin, leading to rheumatic fever via molecular mimicry.
What is M protein
How long do bacteria live in the skin without treatment?
What is indefinitely, if conditions allow
This word describes fluids, wounds, or infections that produce a thick, milky, or yellowish-green fluid.
What is purulent
This β-lactam antibiotic class is often the drug of choice for serious infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. What is the class?
What are Carbapenems.
What are Meropenems
Before the counterstain (safranin) is added, gram negative and gram positive bacteria are what color?
Gram positive: purple
gram negative: colorless
The superantigen TSST-1 triggers a massive cytokine storm by directly linking these two immune complexes.
What are MHC class II and the T-cell receptor
Following an episode of strep throat, a child develops a diffuse "sandpaper" rash, a strawberry tongue, and paleness around the mouth, signaling this toxin-mediated disease.
What is Scarlett-Fever
The name of the sheet found in most hospitals that specifies local resistance patterns of antibiotics and can be used to help determine the appropriate antibiotic to prescribe (given a list of susceptibilities) is what?
What is Antibiogram
A term for when the affected skin is red, warm, and inflamed and is caused by dilation and increased blood flow of the superficial dermal capillaries.
A hospitalized patient has a severe infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The organism produces β-lactamases, and you want a broad-spectrum β-lactam that is resistant to many β-lactamases and covers Pseudomonas. What drug is a classic choice?
What is piperacillin-tazobactam
Crystal violet adheres to what component of the bacterial cell wall?
What is peptidoglycan
In intravenous drug users, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of acute infective endocarditis, typically destroying this specific heart valve.
What is Tricuspid valve
Unlike most encapsulated bacteria that utilize diverse immunogenic polysaccharides, S. pyogenes evades host antibody production entirely by synthesizing a capsule composed of this non-immunogenic glycosaminoglycan identical to human ground substance.
What is Hyaluronic Acid
Is Bactrim dosing based on sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim?
What is trimethoprim