IBD
Mutations in the NOD2/CARD15 gene increase susceptibility to this IBD
What is Crohn’s Disease?
This subtype of adenoma has a frond-like, finger-like architecture and is associated with the highest malignant potential.
What is a villous adenoma?
This non-neoplastic polyp type is most common in children and usually located in the rectosigmoid colon.
What is a juvenile polyp?
Left-sided colon cancer typically forms this type of constricting lesion.
What is a “napkin-ring” lesion?
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) primarily affects this population.
What are premature neonates?
This is the most common subtype of adenomatous polyp, usually small and tubular in shape.
What is a tubular adenoma?
These polyps result from recurrent mucosal injury and repair, often seen in IBD.
What are inflammatory polyps (pseudopolyps)
Right-sided colon cancers are typically this type of growth pattern.
What is exophytic (polypoid/raised)?
Granuloma formation in Crohn’s Disease is primarily due to the activity of these immune cells.
What are macrophages?
Large adenomas can occasionally present with this sign due to chronic blood loss.
What is iron-deficiency anemia?
Inflammatory polyps are most commonly seen in patients with this IBD.
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
This symptom commonly accompanies left-sided colon cancer due to obstruction.
What is left lower quadrant pain?
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis increases the risk of this type of colon malignancy, often arising in areas of dysplasia.
What is colorectal adenocarcinoma?
Most adenomatous polyps are asymptomatic and are often discovered this way.
What is incidentally on colonoscopy or screening?
This syndrome features multiple hamartomatous polyps throughout the colon and has high risk for GI malignancy.
What is Peutz–Jeghers syndrome?
Long-standing inflammation in this disease increases colorectal cancer risk.
What is inflammatory bowel disease (especially ulcerative colitis)?
This complication of NEC can lead to perforation, sepsis, and shock in neonates
What is intestinal perforation?
Larger adenomas (>2 cm), villous histology, and high-grade dysplasia are all risk factors for this serious complication.
What is progression to colorectal adenocarcinoma?
Hyperplastic polyps are generally considered to have this risk of malignant transformation.
What is very low or negligible?
Colorectal carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of this bacterial endocarditis.
Streptococcus bovis endocarditis?