Lungs
Define Tidal Volume
regular breathing in and out
Define Pulmonary circulation
blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs (to exchange CO2 for oxygen) and back to the left side of the heart.
Explain the difference between anabolic vs catabolic
anabolic = building up; catabolic = breaking down
Draw a Motor neuron with at least 4 parts
I will decide if you got it :)
Carbs have _____ calories / gram; Fats have ____ calories/gram
4 vs 9
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for humidifying and warming the air we breath in.
Nose, sinuses, pharynx
Ventricular Contraction
Identify the 4 macronutrients
Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Water
Calcium has an important role in muscle contraction.
Calcium flushes into the muscle to bind on the troponin, which causes a shift in the tropomyosin and opens the actin binding site
The valve between the Right Atria and Ventrical is called?
Tricuspid
Explain gaseous exchange at the alveoli based on diffusion gradients.
High levels of CO2 come to the lungs from the veins(cells output); jump off the RBC, enter alveoli
High oxygen concentration in the alveoli jump on the RBC on the artery capillary to be taken the heart
An athletes heart rate decreases with training - give 3 physiological reasons for that.
the left ventricle enlarges; the muscle in the left ventricle gets stronger; more mitochondria in the muscles; blood vessels are more elastic.
ATP-CP is a short term energy unit (lasts about 15 sec). Creatine comes from what Macronutrient to facilitate recycling ATP?
Proteins up to 0.8 - 1.4 gm/kg
What if you overproduce Acetylcholine?
too much would lead to muscle contractions and cramps that would not release
differentiate Type 1 fibers from Type 2b fibers with 3 characteristics
Type 1 = slow twitch; high mitochondria; glucose fuel; high fatigue resistance
type 2b = fast twitch; low mitochondria; lactic acid; low fatigue resistance
Explain what would happen if you had a rib injury during Inhaling based on the mechanism.
inhale volume would be smaller because rib injuries lead to less of low pressure due to less muscle contraction
Trace the flow of blood through the heart using at least 8 check points
Superior Vena Cava; Right Atria; Right Ventricle; Pulmonary artery to lungs
Pulmonary vein to Left Atria;Left Ventricle; out the Aorta to the cells
Outline 4 steps of aerobic cellular respiration
1.glucose is broken down by glycolysis in the cytoplasm; 2: pyruvate enters Mitochondria w/ oxygen; 3. Krebs cycle >CO2 and NaDH, FADH2; 4. ETC > 36 ATP; H2O
Identify 3 ways to prevent DOMS
warm up/cool down; gradually begin eccentric training early season; have rest built into your training plan; maintain hydration; build intensity of workouts gradually in early season
Explain the process of Fat catabolism (focus on where in the cell and the amount of ATP)
Fat enters the cell - glycerol head is removed and enters glycolysis in the cytoplasm of the cell. The Fatty acid chains - break down during Beta Oxidation, which cuts off 2 carbons at a time, which enter the Mitochondria in the presence of oxygen.
Krebs cycle runs; ETC runs => 100+ ATP
increased mitochondria in muscles; increased lung capacity; increased Cardiac Output/ Stroke volume; Increased muscle volume.
Identify 3 variables that explains cardiac drift in a runner on a 15 mi run.
Dehyrdration; increased temperature; fatigue in muscles; amount of blood shifted to the leg muscles
anaerobic 0-2.5 min at full speed; aerobic = over 5 min of consistent effort
Acetylcholine esterase starts a chain reaction to cause muscles to relax. State that sequence.
release of enzyme; extraction of Ca++; ATP releases Myosin heads
What actions in the heart relate to the Letters of an EKG wave?
P = atrial/ventricular filling
QRS = ventricular contraction
T = heart @ rest repolarizing