Natural selection & evolution
The gradual change in species over time is?
Evolution
What type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?
Sedimentary
The organelle in a cell that carries DNA?
Nucleus
What cell division process is used for growth and repair?
Mitosis
In IVF, what two cells are combined?
Egg and Sperm
Who is the scientist most famous for the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What is the name for a fossil that shows “missing links” between groups?
Transitional fossils
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
Is it meiosis or mitosis that has a process where cells cross over and swap genetic material?
Meiosis
What does IVF stand for?
In-vitro fertilisation
Process in natural selection where traits pass to offspring
Inheritance
What evidence do scientists use to estimate the relative age of fossils?
Rock layers
What complementary base pairs with Guanine?
Cytosine
How many daughter cells does meiosis yield?
4
Does IVF success rate generally increase or decrease with age?
Decrease
What is the first process needed for natural selection to occur?
Variation in traits
Which scientific method allows geologists to determine the exact age of a fossil or rock using radioactive isotopes?
Absolute dating
What is the name of the enzyme that builds new DNA by providing complementary bases
DNA polymerase
What is the phase where chromosomes line up in the middle before splitting?
Metaphase
What type of cell is produced after vaccination to protect against future infection?
Memory cells
Tree bark darkened by pollution. Dark moths survived; population shifted from light to dark.
What was the selection pressure?
Tree bark colour changing due to soot/pollution
What specific transitional fossil provided evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs?
Archaeopteryx
What is the name of the enzyme that unzips the DNA molecule during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
What do we call cells that are produced in meiosis that have half the number of chromosomes?
Haploid
What do we call the widespread immunity in a population due to vaccination?
Herd Immunity