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CATCH MY DISEASE
FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION
CELL WARFARE
GO WITH THE FLOW
BIO LUCKY DIP
100
All infectious diseases are caused by.....?
pathogens
100
Which organ is primarily responsible for the body's first line of defence and preventing the entry of pathogens?
skin
100
Identify the 2 types of white blood cells involved in the body's third line of defense
-B cells/lymphocytes -T cells/lymphocytes
100
The three types of nitrogenous wastes are?
-ammonia -uric acid -urea
100
What are the 3 main features of enzymes?
-catalysts -are generally proteins -highly specific
200
Identify the 5 different types of pathogens
-prions -viruses -bacteria -fungi -macroparasites
200
The body's second line of defence can involve 2 main processes. What are these?
1. phagocytosis 2. inflammation response
200
Identify the 4 different types of T-cells/lymphocytes
-helper -killer/cytotoxic -suppressor -memory
200
The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and reabsorption of substances in and out of the blood are called?
nephrons
200
What 3 factors influence enzyme activity?
-temperature -pH -substrate concentration
300
Infectious diseases can be classified into which three categories?
-genetic/inherited -nutritional -environmental
300
Identify three hygiene practices that can stop the transmission of disease
-washing hands after toilet -wear gloves -cover and treat wounds -boiling water
300
Identify where in the body B an T cells grow and mature
B-Cells: made and mature in bone marrow T-Cells: made in bone marrow; mature in thymus gland
300
What is the hormone aldosterone responsible for?
-regulation of blood pressure/blood volume -regulation of salts (Na and K) in and out of the blood stream
300
Identify the kidney's 2 main functions?
-excretion -osmoregulation
400
What is the name of the science designed to study the prevalance, occurence and prevention of disease throughout the world?
epidemiology
400
Identify the four methods used to treat our drinking water and destroy pathogens
-chlorination -filtration -froth flotation -sedimentation
400
Chicken pox is a viral disease. Could antibiotics be prescribed to help relieve the symptoms? Justify your answer.
no. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial diseases.
400
What is an osmoregulator and give an example of an organism that would fall into this category
an organism that adapts to fluctuations in water/salt contents by controlling the amouints of substances entering and leaving its body eg. crabs, mangroves
400
Identify the 2 parts of the nephron that are responsible for filtration
-Bowman's capsule -glomerulus
500
Outline the pathogen that causes each of the following diseases: 1. HIV/AIDS 2. Whooping Cough 3. Mad Cow Disease (BSE) 4. Athletes Foot 5. Lyme Disease 6. Influenza
1. virus 2. bacteria 3. prion 4. fungi 5. macroparasite (tick) 6. virus
500
The digestive system has a number of features to prevent the entry of pathogens into the bloodstream. Outline three features of the digestive system that eliminate pathogens.
-saliva is acidic and contains enzymes which kills pathogens -strong hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills pathogens -alkaline environment in the intestines kill any pathogens that have escaped the acidic environment of the upper digestive tract.
500
Identify the three scientists you have learnt about during this topic who contributed to our understanding of disease and the immune response and outline what each did.
-Robert Koch: developed criteria by which a pathogen could be identified as having caused a certain disease. -Louis Pasteur: disproved the theory of spontaneous generation; identified that microbes exist in air and water -Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnett: recognised the function of the immune response (B and T Cells)
500
Identify the 3 forms in which carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood
-dissolved in the plasma -attached to haemoglobin (carbamino-haemoglobin) -carbonic acid/hydrogen carbonate
500
What are the names of the processes used to move substances throughout the xylem and phloem respectively and what kind of energy is needed to facilitate this movement.
xylem: transpiration pull; passive transport phloem: translocation; active transport