Urbanisation
What is urbanisation?
The process of people moving from rural areas to towns and cities, causing cities to grow.
What is a megacity?
A city with more than 10 million people.
What is internal migration?
Moving within the same country.
What does a population pyramid show?
The age and gender of a population.
What is land subsidence?
The sinking of the ground.
What is one push factor and one pull factor that can lead to urbanisation?
Examples:
Name three problems faced by Jakarta.
Give one reason why people move from Melbourne to Perth.
What does a wide base usually indicate?
A high birth rate and a young population.
What is urban sprawl?
The spread of cities into surrounding rural areas.
Name two social impacts and two environmental impacts of urbanisation.
Social:
Environmental:
Why is Jakarta sinking?
Because too much groundwater is being pumped from underground, causing land subsidence.
Name two economic impacts and two social impacts of internal migration.
Economic:
Social:
Why does Australia have a larger proportion of older people than Indonesia?
Australia has lower birth rates and higher life expectancy.
Explain the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Cities become hotter than surrounding rural areas because roads and buildings absorb and trap heat.
Explain why industrialisation often leads to urbanisation.
Industrialisation creates factories and jobs, attracting people from rural areas to cities for employment.
Why is Indonesia building Nusantara?
To reduce pressure on Jakarta and create a more sustainable capital city.
Why does Regional WA have fewer people aged 20–35 than Perth?
Many young adults move to Perth for university, TAFE and employment opportunities.
Explain why Indonesia has a wider base than Australia.
Indonesia has a higher birth rate and a younger population.
Name 1 social, 1 economic & 1 environmental impact of urbanisation.
Social:
Traffic congestion
Economic:
Higher house prices
Environmental:
Urban sprawl
Evaluate whether urbanisation is mostly positive or mostly negative.
Possible positives:
Possible negatives:
Will moving the capital to Nusantara completely solve Jakarta's problems? Explain.
No.
It may reduce pressure on Jakarta but problems like flooding, pollution and land subsidence will still need to be addressed.
A family moves from Albany to Perth because one parent receives a promotion. Identify (a) the pull factor and (b) the likely impact on Perth.
Pull:
Promotion/job
Impact:
More housing demand, more traffic, more jobs, population growth
Predict one challenge Australia may face if its population continues to age.
You are the Indonesian President. In one minute, justify your decision to move the capital city from Jakarta to Nusantara.
A high-scoring answer should also acknowledge that moving the capital will not solve all of Jakarta's existing problems, such as flooding, pollution and land subsidence.