People who were over 65 years old, of good character and not Indigenous. It was means tested.
100
What sort of employment did women usually undertake?
Housewife, Seamstress, Teacher, Cook
200
Explain the term, 'Federation'.
The process of Australia's colonies coming together to form a nation under a single Constitution.
200
What is a referendum?
A question posed to the voting public, usually requiring a yes or no response eg. Should Australia become a Federation?
200
Which piece of legislation was introduced to control immigration and in which year?
The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 as part of the White Australia Policy.
200
What did the Harvester Judgement achieve?
Basic wage, however it was not available to women until 1914.
200
Provide one form of transport and one form of entertainment in the late 19th Century.
Transport: Walking, Bike, Horse and Cart, Tram; Entertainment: Writing, Picnics, Board Games, listening to the Wireless
300
Why was Henry Parkes important in the Federation debate?
He was the Governor of NSW for many years. He spoke strongly in support of Federation and was able to persuade people to his vision. Unfortunately he passed away before Federation.
300
Provide two roles of the Governor-General.
The official representative of the Queen (Head of State). Ceremonial duties. Other reserve roles exist eg. hung vote decisions, removal of PM, dissolution of government.
300
Identify two groups that would have been targeted as 'undesirable immigrants' to Australia in the early 20th Century.
Asians; People with dark skin; Gypsies; Prostitutes.
300
What was the purpose of the Invalid Pension?
It allowed people who were completely and permanently incapable of work to receive a small payment from the government.
300
Describe why Australia was regarded as a 'Working Man's Paradise'
Many opportunities for employment as a male
Social legislation supported unions and worker's rights.
The Australian culture supported the 8-hour working day
400
Provide two reasons why people believed Australia should be Federated.
British support for Australia's independence. Federal army would mean Australia had better defence. A railway system one one gauge. Influential people spoke about Australia as their own country.
400
Provide two features of the Australian political system.
Democratic system based on a Constitutional Monarchy. Three levels of government: Local, State and Federal. People vote for their representative in parliament
400
Explain how the immigration Dictation Test worked.
It was a passage read in a European language. The recipient had to write the passage out using correct spelling, punctuation and without mistake in order to gain entry to Australia. It basically set up a reason to exclude undesirable people from entering Australia.
400
Why did the government introduce the Maternity Allowance Scheme?
The State governments responded to maternal health and infant mortality concerns, with a particular focus on working-class mothers.
400
Provide two points about school in the late 19th Century.
Approximately 100 students per class; Rote learning; Students sat in order of best results; The cane was used for punishment (Corporal Punishment); Boys and girls undertook subjects specific to their gender.
500
Provide two reasons why people did not want Australia to Federate.
Why change? QLD would lose it's cheap labour in Pacific Islanders. Social legislation may be easier to win within the colony rather than battle the Federal government. Other issues such as the economic downturn would have been more of a problem than Federation for some.
500
Provide the names of the Houses of Parliament and provide a feature/role of each.
House of Representatives: forum for debate and making laws, members represent their electoral division; Senate: pass bills, states have equal representation.
500
Which group of people in Australia had no rights at Federation and why?
Aboriginals were not considered citizens. They were not included in the census, not able to vote and were not able to have access to many of the support services available to other Australians until the late 1960s.
500
Who was eligible for Maternity Allowance and how much did they receive?
The Maternity Allowance Act 1912 (Cth) provided a payment of £5 to mothers on the birth of their children. The allowance was not mean-tested or character-tested and was not subject to tax. Asians and Indigenous peoples were excluded from claiming the 1912 bonus
500
Provide two points of information about poorer people's homes and how they lived in the late 19th Century.
Many families living together, No sanitation eg. running water, toilet.