World War I
What were the names of the two sides fighting the war and which countries did they include?
Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, Russia
Axis Powers - Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungry and Italy
Where did the Great Depression occur?
Everywhere (it was global)
What is propaganda?
What is appeasement?
spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
the policy of giving aggressive or enemy nations what they want in order to avoid conflict.
Why were the Russian people unhappy? What did they demand?
They were sick and tired of being involved and wars and demanded "Peace and Bread!"
Who were the Cheka and what did they do?
Secret police force
Arrested (and often executed) anyone considered an “enemy of the revolution”
Name 5 reasons that led to World War I.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Assassination
Name three authoritarian leaders who rose to power during the Great Depression.
Stalin (USSR), Mussolini (Italy), Hitler (Germany)
What was the March Revolution of 1917?
What was a result of the march?
People organized strikes and protests demanding food and fuel
Czar Nicholas II abdicated (gave up) his power
Who wont the Russian Civil War and What was the outcome of the end of Lenin's Rule?
“Whites” surrendered in 1921, they were outnumbered disorganized, poorly equipped armies
State Of Russia was horrible
From 1914-1921 = 27 million Russians had died
Economy = in shambles
Peasants = still starving
Which of the Allies dropped out of the war? Why?
Russia because of the Russian Revolution
Name two characteristics of Authoritarian Governments.
Censorship, One-Party Rule, Secret Police, Propaganda, Limited Rights
What is total war? Give at least two examples of how a country achieves this?
The channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort
Examples:
–Institution of conscription – “the draft”
–Governments raised taxes and borrowed money
–Governments rationed food, gasoline, & other materials
Who led the Bolshevik movement?
How did the Bolsheviks gain power in Russia?
Vladimir Lenin
Bolsheviks staged a coup d’etat in St. Petersburg
Overthrew the provisional government
Members of the provisional government fled or were arrested
Who took over the communist party after Lenin died?
How did he do it?
Joseph Stalin
outmaneuvered Trotsky politically
Name at least four new technologies of World War I.
poison gas, machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarines, zeppelins
What was the League of Nations & what was its purpose?
was set up after World War I by countries around the world to keep the peace
Why did the US get involved in World War II? How did the US end the war?
Pearl Harbor and dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki.
What did the Bolsheviks eventually rename themselves?
The communist party
What were the "Five Year Plans"? and were they successful?
These plans set high production goals for industries like mining, railroads, electric plants and manufacturers.
The Five Year plans were successful in increasing the industrial output of the Soviet Union. The country became a world leader in industrial goods
What are three terms of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I.
1. Germany is to blame 2. Germany pays reparations 3. Germany demilitarizes
Which country did not join the League of Nations? and why was the League of Nations unsuccessful?
Give two examples of their failures:
the U.S. did not join, and other nations were too concerned with their own problems to take on global peace. When an issue of global peace did arise, the League of Nations did not have the power to do anything about it.
the invasion of Manchuria and Abyssinia
What was the United Nations? How was it different than the League of Nations?
United Nations was established to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, and humanitarian problems
All nations sat in the General Assembly but the five major WW2 Allies (US, USSR, Britain, France, & China) sat as permanent members on the leadership Security Council, with 10 other rotating members on the Council.
Why was there another civil war? and What were the two sides called?
Communists vs. their political opponents
Political opponents = Royalists, Liberal Democrats, Moderate Socialists, Landlords, etc.
Communists = “the Reds”
Their opponents = “the Whites”
What was the Great Purge and How did Stalin go about executing his plans?
an attempt to expel ‘opportunists’ and ‘counter-revolutionary infiltrators.’ Those targeted by the purge were often expelled from the party, however more severe measures ranged from banishment to the Gulag labor camps to execution after trials.
Through Soviet Secret Police