Drink the Pink
Here Kitty, Kitty
Swine & Dine
Just a Fluke
How Long?
100
Name this type bacteria that causes foodborne illness.
What is non-typhoidal salmonellosis.
===
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is due to consumption of contaminated foods. Onset of symptoms is 12-48 hours is usually self-limiting.
Salmonella typhi is most common in parts of the world where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor. Presentation with persistent fever and abdominal pain.
100
Etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most common protozoan parasites of man.
What is Toxoplasma gondii.
===
Cats usually acquire infection by ingesting bradyzoites (muscle tissue/neurons) in fresh tissues. Kittens are more susceptible than older cats.
Infection usually occurs by eating undercooked contaminated meat, exposure from infected cat feces, or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.
100
This disease presents with gastrointestinal symptoms occuring 1–2 days after a person consumes raw or undercooked meat from wild game or this infected animal.
What is trichinellosis.
===
Symptoms may range from very mild to severe and relate to the number of infectious worms consumed in the meat. Many mild cases of trichinellosis are never specifically diagnosed because they are assumed to be the flu or other common illnesses. Furthermore, many people with trichinellosis do not experience any symptoms at all.
100
Three parasitic trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae— Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Opisthorchis felineus—are responsible for chronic disease of this in humans.
What is liver and bile ducts.
====
Infections with these similar trematodes are widely distributed in countries in the Far East and Southeast Asia and countries of the former Soviet Union.
Chlonorchiasis or opisthorchiasis in humans can be long lived (up to 25 years) if left untreated.
100
True or False. Cysticercosis is the somatic infection with the adult stage of the pork tapeworm.
What is false.
Cysticercosis is the somatic infection with the larval stage of the pork tapeworm. Neurocysticercosis is central nervous system infection with T. solium larvae.
200
Salmonella can invade the bloodstream, producing a septicemic illness resembling typhoid fever, and cause infections in sites remote from the gut in this patient population.
What are In persons who are very old, very young, have underlying immunodeficiencies, or who receive an overwhelming dose.
====
»Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are particularly prone to bloodstream infections, which may recur after apparently adequate therapy.
200
In humans, postnatally acquired infection usually is asymptomatic or has such mild transient manifestations that it goes unrecognized. This is the most common feature in an immunocompetent host.
What is local or generalized lymphadenopathy.
===
In immunocompromised hosts, severe conditions can occur such as seizures, poor coordination, pneumonia, and blurred vision secondary to retinal inflammation (ocular toxoplasmosis).
200
Definitive diagnosis relies on serological tests and occasionally on results from this type of biopsy.
What is muscle biopsy.
====
A diagnosis of trichinellosis is made in patients whose signs and symptoms are compatible with trichinellosis, have a positive laboratory test for Trichinella, and who can recall eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game meat.
Laboratory diagnosis of trichinellosis is most often made by a Trichinella antibody test.
200
A causal relationship between chronic clonorchiasis or opisthorchiasis and this cancer has been established.
What is biilary tract carcinoma (cholangiocarcinoma).
===
The flukes injure bile ducts producing chronic cholangitis and can lead to progressive fibrous thickening of walls leading to biliary cirrhosis.
200
True or False. Taeniasis refers to an intestinal infection with the adult stage of the beef tapeworm or the pork tapeworm.
What is true.
===
Beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata)
Pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) - uncommon in most developed countries.
300
True or False. Antimicrobials are indicated for uncomplicated gastroenteritis.
What is False.
Antimicrobials are indicated in the treatment of systemic illness; however, antimicrobial agents are not indicated for uncomplicated gastroenteritis because they do not shorten the illness and have been shown to prolong bacterial shedding.
Treatment with fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.
300
Pregnant women during this trimester at highest risk for contracting Toxoplasmosis.
What is third trimester.
====
Women who contract in early trimesters (least risk for contracting toxoplasmosis) are at risk for more severe outcomes (stillborn, miscarriage, or blindness or mental disability).
300
Characteristic laboratory findings associated with this illness include leukocytosis, elevated muscle enzymes, an increased total IgE level and specifically this on a CBC panel.
What is eosinophilia.
300
Diagnosis is based on recovery of this from stool specimens.
What are eggs.
===
Can also use ELISA for diagnostic confirmation.
300
Seizures are the most common clinical manifestation of this disease and is the most frequent cause of adult onset epilepsy worldwide.
What is neurocysticercosis.
===
Seizures occur in about 80-90% of cases.
400
Salmonella infection is diagnosed by the culture of this type of specimen.
What are feces.
===
Serologic diagnosis is not useful routinely because of nonspecific cross-reaction with other agents.
400
Diagnosis demonstrated by this characteristic shaped zoites in CSF or tissue imprints from patient material and stained with Giemsa.
What is crescent-shaped zoites.
===
Diagnosis generally made by detection of Toxoplasma specific IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies.
400
Therapy used for treating systemic trichinellosis.
What is mebendazole and thiabendazole.
===
Albendazole shows some efficacy as well.
400
This is the most effective drug for treatment of human flukes.
What is praziquantel.
===
Mass treatment with a single dose of 40 mg/kg has been used with cure rates of 90%.
400
These types of imaging are the main diagnostic tools in neurocysticercosis.
What are CT and MRI.
====
Most parenchymal cysts will appear as low-density cysts, with enhancement of the cyst wall or surrounding tissues, usually accompanied by surrounding edema.
500
Name other transmisison routes of Salmonella besides food.
What are direct or indirect contact with animals, especially reptiles and birds.
500
This effective medication is used to treat toxoplasmosis in those who show illness.
What is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole.
===
Specific inhibition of parasite's folate-metabolizing enzymes.
Two live vaccines available; needs to be kept frozen until used; one to immunize humans and other to vaccinate cats against oocyst shedding.
500
Best way to prevent trichinellosis.
What is cooking meat to safe temperatures, hand hygiene with raw meats, freezing pork products.
===
Freezing wild game meats, unlike freezing pork products, may not effectively kill all worms because some worm species that infect wild game animals are freeze-resistant.
500
This triad are the underlying determinants that directly influence the incidence of food-borne trematode infections.
What are poverty, pollution, and population growth.
===
Prevention by using latrines, treatment of feces with ammonium sulfate to kill miracidia in eggs and interrupt chain of infection.
500
Treatment that can be used for both taeniasis and cysticercosis.
What is praziquantel.
===
Taeniasis - niclosamide and dichlorophen
Cysticercosis - anticonvuslive drugs or albendazole