Chemistry and Scientific Method
The three fundamental steps of the scientific method are observation, hypothesis, and ____.
What is experiment (or testing)?
This international system of units, adopted in 1960, is abbreviated SI.
What is the International System of Units (le Système International)?
Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant. These are called ____ zeros.
What are captive zeros?
The SI base unit of temperature is the ____.
What is the kelvin (K)?
A substance made of only one type of atom is called an ____.
What is an element?
The world of cars, rocks, and oceans is called the ____ world, in contrast to the atomic and molecular level.
What is the macroscopic world?
One cubic centimeter (cm³) is equal to this volume unit commonly used in chemistry labs.
What is a milliliter (mL)?
A dartboard shows darts tightly grouped but far from the bullseye. This represents high ____ but low ____.
What is high precision but low accuracy?
A metal block has a mass of 50.0 g and a volume of 10.0 cm³. What is its density?
What is 5.00 g/cm³?
A homogeneous mixture of a solid dissolved in a liquid is also known as a ____.
What is a solution?
A general statement summarizing observed behavior (such as conservation of mass) is called a ____.
What is a natural law?
Give the SI base units for length, time, and temperature.
What are the meter (m), second (s), and kelvin (K)?
In multiplication/division, the number of significant figures in the result is limited by ____.
What is the least number of significant figures in any factor?
Convert 300 K to °C.
C = K + 273.15
K = C - 273.15
What is 26.85 °C (≈ 27 °C)?
A compound differs from a mixture because its components are ____.
What is chemically bonded?
Observations can be divided into two types: “the sky is blue” is ____ while “water boils at 100 °C” is ____.
What is qualitative; quantitative?
Convert 2.85 cm into inches using the exact equivalence statement 1 in = 2.54 cm.
What is 1.12 in?
Add the following and round correctly: 12.11 + 18.0 + 1.013.
What is 31.1 (limited by one decimal place)?
Write the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.
What is F = 9/5 C+32?
This separation method uses differences in boiling points to separate liquids in a mixture.
What is distillation?
Scientific theories are sometimes described as “educated guesses,” but they differ from mere guesses because they are based on this process.
What is the scientific method?
A 10.0-km run is how many miles? (1 mile = 1.61 km.)
What is 6.22 miles?
Carry out 1.05 × 10⁻³ × 6.135 and report with the correct number of sig figs.
What is 6.44 × 10⁻³ (three significant figures)?
A chemist measures 25.00 cm³ of an unknown liquid with a mass of 19.625 g. What is the liquid’s density?
0.785 g/mL
Chromatography separates components of a mixture based on differences in ____.
What is solubility?