Key Terms
A substance that reduces sensitivity to pain
Liverpool businessman who gathered statistics about poverty in London. He published Life and Labour of the People in London (1901-1902). These books featured maps which charted poverty on each street in London
Charles Booth
Jenner discovered that dairy maids who had been infected with ________ were immune from catching smallpox.
Cowpox
The function of hospitals had changed by 1900. Before, they were places for the sick to rest, and by 1900...
...they were places where the sick were being treated!
A substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms. They're frequently used in hospitals and other medical settings to reduce the risk of infection during surgery and other procedures.
Antiseptic
A pioneer of antiseptic surgery who used carbolic acid to prevent infection.
Joseph Lister
Name any anaesthetic used BEFORE the first use of chloroform (1847)
Alcohol, opium, laughing gas, ether
Why did most hospitals close down in 1530s?
Henry VIII breaks with Rome and dissolves the monasteries (monks and nuns providing healthcare at this time)
This forced councils to carry out improvements. These included the provision of clean water, proper drainage and sewage systems and the appointment of a Medical Officer of Health in every area.
Public Health Act 1875
First physician to demonstrate the anaesthetic properties of chloroform on humans and helped to popularise its use in medicine
James Simpson
What is the difference between spontaneous generation and germ theory?
Spontaneous generation: microbes are the PRODUCT of decay
Germ theory: microbes are the CAUSE of decay
Nightingale's discoveries had a very positive effect on mortality rate, it dropped from ____ to ____ in just six months.
40% to 2&
Term used to describe the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Chadwick, Southwood Smith, and Booth all practiced this.
Social demography
Created the world's first vaccine (for smallpox, in 1796)
Edward Jenner
1. The way _ _ _ _ _ _ were t_ _ i_ed.
2. The way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were de_ _ _ _ _ _
1. The way nurses were trained
2. The way hospitals were designed
What is published in 1861?
Term used to describe how hospitals were becoming places of medical learning in the 19th century
"Birth of the Clinic"
Florence Nightingale
Better ventilation, more windows, larger rooms, and separate wards for specific diseases were all features of what plan by Florence Nightingale?
Pavillion plan
Notes on Nursing