Genetics Vocab
What is the term for a phenotypic expression of one gene affecting the expression of another gene?
Epistasis
What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
a. the origins of replication occur only at the 5' end
b. helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end
c. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end
c. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end
What type of RNA carries information from a “structural gene” from the DNA to the ribosome where it can be translated into a protein?
mRNA
What is the term for a single phenotype being affected by 2 or more genes?
Polygenic inheritance
Which of the following is true of a codon?
a. it never codes for the same amino acid as another codon
b. it can code for more than one amino acid
c. it can be either in DNA or RNA
c. it can be either in DNA or RNA
What type of RNA is used to “read” the information in an mRNA and use that information to incorporate an appropriate amino acid into a growing polypeptide?
tRNA
What is the term for a heterozygote who phenotypically expresses a characteristic encoded by one allele, but is carrying another form of the gene that is not expressed; a gene that can be passed on to offspring?
Carrier
Which of the following is true of RNA processing?
a. exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus
b. nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA
c. ribozymes may function in the addition of a 5' cap
b. nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA
What type of RNA is a structural component of the ribosome?
rRNA
In the X-0 system, what chromosome(s) codes for a female?
XX
Which component is not directly involved in translation?
a. ribosomes
b. DNA
c. tRNA
b. DNA
In which process is RNA synthesized complementary to a template strand of DNA?
Transcription
In the haplo-diploid system, what chromosome(s) code for a male?
Haploid
Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism?
a. a deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene
b. a single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron
c. a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence
c. a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence
Translation