Energy
Potential-Kinetic
Mass/Speed
Transfers
Variety
100
A thermometer is placed in a jar of room temperature water and reads 21°C. When this jar is placed in sunlight for few hours, the temperature rises to 23°C.
Which mode of heat transfer from the Sun to the water in the jar is responsible for the rise in temperature?
- A conduction
- B convection
- C evaporation
D radiation
A toy store sells a toy called a jack-in-the-box. When the box opens, a clown comes out by the movement of a spring and produces a laughing sound by using the energy stored in a battery.
Which type of potential energy do the spring and battery have?
A The spring has elastic potential energy, and the battery has chemical potential energy.
B The spring has gravitational potential energy, and the battery has elastic potential energy.
C The spring has chemical potential energy, and the battery has elastic potential energy.
D The spring has chemical potential energy, and the battery has gravitational potential energy.
D radiation
A The spring has elastic potential energy, and the battery has chemical potential energy.
100
Which type of energy in gasoline powers automobiles?
A chemical potential energy
B elastic potential energy
C electromagnetic potential energy
D gravitational potential energy
The table shows four methods that eradicate weeds growing on a farm.
Which method would be most effective in the removal of the invasive species without harming the crops?
A P
B Q
C R
D S
A chemical potential energy
C R
100
A stone is placed in a thick rubber band. The rubber band is stretched and then released. The stone rises in the air and then falls down.
Which option correctly identifies an instance when potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy?
A releasing the rubber band
B stretching the rubber band
C stone rising in the air
D stone reaching its highest point in the air
A releasing the rubber band
100
On a summer day, a puddle of water on the road heats up and evaporates, turning into water vapor. How does heat transfer occur in this situation?
A The Sun transfers heat by conduction, and the road transfers heat by convection and conduction.
B The Sun transfers heat by conduction, and the road transfers heat by radiation and convection.
C The Sun transfers heat by convection, and the road transfers heat by radiation and conduction.
D The Sun transfers heat by radiation, and the road transfers heat by convection and conduction.
D The Sun transfers heat by radiation, and the road transfers heat by convection and conduction.
100
The diagram shows some characteristics of a cow.
Which characteristic is a result of environmental influence?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
Study the food chain.
What niche does the owl occupy?
A decomposer
B primary consumer
C producer
D secondary consumer
C 3
D secondary consumer
200
Which activity uses elastic potential energy?
A eating a hamburger
B stretching a rubber band
C throwing a ball
D pulling a wagon
How can the person increase the elastic potential energy in this situation?
- A Aim the bow higher, increasing the height of the arrow’s flight.
- B Sharpen the arrow’s tip, causing it to strike the target with more force.
- C Change the bow’s material, increasing the stiffness of the bow.
- D Pull the arrow farther back, increasing the stretch of the bow’s string.
B stretching a rubber band
D Pull the arrow farther back, increasing the stretch of the bow’s string.
200
Four people are holding a ball of equal size and weight at four different heights (W, X, Y, and Z).
At which height will a ball have the most gravitational potential energy?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
A W
200
Examine the diagram of the movement of a cart with four positions (W, X, Y, and Z) labeled, as shown.
At which position will the cart have the greatest amount of kinetic energy?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
D Z
200
A student leaves a metal spoon in a mug of hot chocolate and answers the phone. When the student returns, the metal spoon is warm to the touch.
Which transfer of thermal energy occurs between the hot chocolate and the metal spoon?
A conduction
B convection
C electromagnetism
D radiation
The diagram shows an electric circuit.
What is the correct sequence of energy transformation that occurs when the switch is moved to the on position?
- A chemical energy → light energy → heat energy
- B chemical energy → heat energy → electrical energy
- C chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy
- D chemical energy → light energy → electrical energy
A conduction
C chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy
200
The table shows different organisms interacting with each other to fulfill their basic requirements.
Which interaction(s) is (are) an example of parasitism?
A only 1
B only 2
C both 2 and 3
D both 3 and 1
B only 2
300
Which person demonstrates gravitational potential energy?
A A boy sits at the top of a slide.
B A man walks a dog.
C A woman reads a book.
D A girl kicks a ball.
A ball is pushed off of a block of wood and falls toward the ground. The diagram shows the various positions (1, 2, 3, and 4) of the ball during its fall.
At which position will the ball possess the greatest speed?
A A boy sits at the top of a slide.
Position 4
300
A battery is used to light a bulb.
What energy transformations are taking place?
A heat→electrical→light
B electrical→light→solar
C mechanical→light→electrical
D chemical→electrical→light
D chemical→electrical→light
300
The table shows four moving objects with different masses and speeds.
Which object has the most kinetic energy?
A Object 1
B Object 2
C Object 3
D Object 4
D Object 4
300
Which source is the greatest source of radiant energy?
A earthquakes
B Moon
C oceans
D Sun
The image shows a roller coaster car at five positions along its track.
For which parts of the motion is some part of the kinetic energy of the car transformed into potential energy?
A when moving from 1 to 2 and 4 to 5
B when moving from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4
C when moving from 2 to 4 and 4 to 5
D when moving from 1 to 2 and 2 to 4
D Sun
A when moving from 1 to 2 and 4 to 5
300
Which statement is an example of mutualism?
A A koala eats eucalyptus leaves, and it is unharmed by the poison in the leaves.
B A deer tick feeds on the blood of a deer, and the deer loses blood and nutrients.
C A plover bird feeds on food stuck in a crocodile’s teeth, and the crocodile gets its teeth cleaned in the process.
D A hookworm feeds on the small intestine of a dog, causing the dog to lose weight and become weak.
A pendulum is attached to a fixed point and then released with a swinging motion. Three positions (1, 2, and 3) are marked on the path of the pendulum as it swings, as shown in the image.
If the energy of the pendulum follows the Law of Conservation of Energy, which table could represent the kinetic and potential energy values at the three positions?
- A
- B
- C
- D
C A plover bird feeds on food stuck in a crocodile’s teeth, and the crocodile gets its teeth cleaned in the process.
A
400
Which activity represents gravitational potential energy?
A a paper being burned
B a bird sitting in a tree
C a slingshot being pulled back
D a rubber band being stretched
Which list most accurately shows the flow of energy in an environment?
A Producers, Herbivores, Carnivores, Top Predators
B Herbivores, Producers, Carnivores, Top Predators
C Carnivores, Producers, Herbivores, Top Predators
D Producers, Carnivores, Herbivores, Top Predators
B a bird sitting in a tree
A Producers, Herbivores, Carnivores, Top Predators
400
A group of students built a ramp and rolled steel balls of different sizes down the ramp onto the floor. Then they measured how far each ball rolled from the bottom of the ramp.
Which statement correctly explains the differences in the distances that the balls rolled?
A Friction increases as mass increases.
B Velocity increases as mass increases.
C Acceleration increases as mass increases.
D Kinetic energy increases as mass increases.
D Kinetic energy increased as mass increased.
400
Which factors affect the amount of kinetic energy of an object?
A height and mass
B height and volume
C speed and mass
D speed and volume
C speed and mass
400
A student places a cube of butter at one end of a metal rod, suspends the rod, and places a burning candle below it, as shown.
After several seconds, the butter starts to melt. Which statement explains what causes the butter to melt?
A The air around the candle flame warms up and conducts heat from the candle to the butter cube.
B Heat radiates from the surface of the metal and warms the butter cube attached to it.
C Warm air around the candle rises due to convection, reaches the butter cube, and causes it to melt.
D The heat transfers from one end of the rod to the butter cube at the other end by conduction.
Elizabeth conducts an experiment to study the direction of heat transfer. She selects a metal sheet with four small cavities (W, X, Y, and Z) that can each hold a small amount of water. She pours the same amount of water in each cavity and heats the end of the metal sheet as shown, and she records the temperature of the water in each of the four cavities after five minutes, as shown in the table.
What is the direction of heat transfer?
- A
- B
- C
- D
D The heat transfers from one end of the rod to the butter cube at the other end by conduction.
C
400
Aphids are insects that feed on plant sap, causing growth to slow, leaves to wilt, and in some cases, the death of the plant. Ladybugs, which also live on plants, feed on aphids.
What is the type of relationship between ladybugs and plants?
A competition
B mutualism
C parasitism
D predation
An invasive fish species feeds on suspended plankton and algae in water. Within its five-year lifespan a single fish produces about 5 million eggs, 100,000 of which reach adulthood.
How can the introduction of the invasive fish species affect the aquatic ecosystem?
A It increases the amounts of suspended plankton and algae in the water.
B It increases the productivity of the ecosystem due to a greater number of consumers.
C It decreases the biodiversity of the ecosystem due to a rapid increase in the number of fish.
D It decreases the amounts of food available to native aquatic species that depend on plankton and algae.
B mutualism
D It decreases the amounts of food available to native aquatic species that depend on plankton and algae.
500
A bowling ball and baseball move at the same speed.
How does the kinetic energy of each ball compare, and why?
A The bowling ball has greater kinetic energy because it has more mass than the baseball.
B The baseball has greater kinetic energy because it has less mass than the bowling ball.
C The bowling ball has less kinetic energy because it has a larger volume than the baseball.
D The bowling ball and the baseball have the same kinetic energy because they have the same speed.
Kinetic energy is based upon what two factors?
A The bowling ball has greater kinetic energy because it has more mass than the baseball.
Kinetic Energy-Mass and Speed
500
The Sun heats the surface of a road during the day. The arrows in the image show the direction of the movement of cold and hot air.
What are the modes of heat transfer involved?
A condensation and conduction
B conduction and convection
C convection and radiation
D radiation and condensation
______is defined as average kinetic energy.
C convection and radiation
Temperature is defined as average kinetic energy.
500
Examine the image of a room in a house.
What is the best explanation for how the room is warmed?
A conduction from the Sun outside
B conduction from the fireplace
C convection from the Sun outside
D radiation from the fireplace
D radiation from the fireplace
500
The diagram shows a food chain.
How does the common toad receive nitrogen in the food chain?
A by feeding on the gray slug
B by feeding directly on the lichens
C by being preyed upon by the grass snake
D by competing with other common toads
A by feeding on the gray slug
500
Mushrooms and other fungi play an important role as decomposers in ecosystems. What is the primary purpose of decomposers?
A They provide food for desert consumers.
B They serve as the only site of nitrogen fixation.
C They use energy from the Sun to make food.
D They break down waste and return nutrients to the soil.
D They break down waste and return nutrients to the soil.