DNA
What is the full name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where does replication start?
____ --> _____ --> _________
DNA + 8 histones = ?
The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and proceeds to the other end.
True or false? If false, provide the true explanation.
False. DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecule speeding up the process of replication.
What enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into mRNA?
In eukaryotic cells, where do transcription and translation take place?
Translation: Cytoplasm
Sketch and label the three parts of a nucleotide:
Replicate this template strand of DNA:
TAC TTA CAA ACC ATA ATT
What is done to the mRNA molecule after transcription and before translation?
Exons are spliced together, introns are removed, 5’ cap and a Poly-A tail are added.
What is the sequence of 3 nucleotides on the tRNA called?
Sequence: Anticodon
What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA: double stranded, Thymine, Deoxyribose sugar
RNA: single stranded, Uracil, ribose sugar
What are Tandem Repeats in DNA?
Noncoding, highly repetitive sequences
To initiate transcription, what does RNA polymerase bind to?
Nucleosomes do not coil around areas of DNA that need to be transcribed and they can form, open, and re-form on sections of DNA to control transcription (selective packaging).
Describe the structure of DNA.
(think: subunits, shape, bonds)
Made up of nucleotides
Double helix
Nitrogenous bases (A,C,T,G)
Sugar phosphate backbone
Bonds: hydrogen and phosphodiester
What direction does DNA polymerase III move along the DNA template strand?
Does it add nucleotides to the 3' or 5' end of the primer?
DNA Poly III moves in a 5’ to 3’ direction and adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of primer
When RNA polymerase reaches the terminator region, both it and the mRNA strand detach and the DNA rewinds .
What are the functions of 3 types of RNA?
mRNA: messenger
tRNA: carries amino acids
rRNA: joins with proteins to form ribosomes