Aging & Balance
Upper Extremity
Ear & Eye
Head & Neck
Posture & Gait
100

Define mobility, stability, and balance

Mobility= ability to move

Stability= ability to be firmly fixed/supported

Balance= even distribution of weight

100

A muscle that lengthens during contraction is called a:

A. isometric concentric contraction

B. Isometric dynamic contraction

C. Isotonic eccentric contraction

D. Isometric concentric contraction

D. Isometric eccentric contraction

100

What are the 3 small bones from the tympanic membrane to the oval window (auditory ossicles)?

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

100

What is craniotomy vs. craniectomy?

Craniotomy: surgical removal of a portion of the skull in order to access the brain, and the bone fragment is put back immediately after

Craniectomy: surgical removal of a portion of the skull that is not immediately put back after surgery (often to relieve pressure from swelling)

100

What brain structure plays a major role in anticipatory postural control?

Cerebellum

200

What is not a normal change of aging?

Pain

200

What muscle can extend, adduct, and medially rotate the arm?

Latissimus Dorsi

200

Finish these 3 sentences:

1. External and middle ears transfer (_________________).

2. Tympanic membrane separates (___________________).

3. The (______________) tube connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear.

1. External and middle ears transfer sounds to the inner ear.

2. Tympanic membrane separates the external and middle ears

3. The pharyngotympanic tube connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear.

200

What is a basilar head fracture? What is a very common sign of this type of fracture?

It is a fracture of the bone at the base of the skill (usually temporal bone or occipital bone). Often patients will have bruises around their eyes and behind their ears.

200

What are the 4 types of postural control & balance? Describe each.

1. Static= “steady state”

2. Reactive = righting or equilibrium responses

3. Anticipatory - preparation for movement

4. Adaptive= modification of response due to condition chances

300

What is the difference between osteoporosis vs osteopenia?



Osteoporosis (Porous bone) versus osteopenia  (low bone density)

300

What tissue is designed to increase the available surface areas of an articular region?

A. Bursa

B. Meniscus

C. Hyaline

D. Labrum

D. Labrum

300

Bell’s palsy is a result of an injury to which of the following CN?

  • CNIII
  • CN IV
  • CN V
  • CN VII
  • CN VI
300

The main functions of the cervical respiratory viscera are:

  • Routing air and food into the respiratory tract and esophagus
  • Providing a patent airway and a means of sealing it off temporarily
  • Producing voice
300

What is the difference between Genu valgum and Genu Varum?

Genu Valgum is when the knees fall in towards each other and some cases touch. Also referred to as Knock-Knee


Genu Varum is also referred to as bowing knee.

400

What is a common test used to assess balance? 

Timed up and go (TUG)

400

During MMT, a client can get less than 50% ROM against gravity for shoulder flexion, What is the score they will receive?

2+/5

400

The superior oblique muscle is innervated by which of the following CN?

  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • CN VII
  • CN VI
  • CN V
400

Describe the stages of the swallowing

-oral preparatory stage 

-oral stage 

-pharyngeal stage 

-esophageal stage 

400

List at least 4 of the 6 changes in the musculoskeletal system/posture that occurs with aging?

1. Declines in strength

2. Declines in endurance

2. Decreased ability to generate power

3. Demineralization of bone

4. Decrease flexibility

5. Stiffening of connective tissue

5. Decreased intervertebral disc height

6. Increased spinal curves 

500

When rising from bed, how do the movements differ between an elderly or young individual?

Younger- variability in the movement 

Elderly- synchronous movement patterns 

500

Which following muscles are part of the superficial layer of posterior compartment?

  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
  • Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, brachioradialis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis longus.
  • Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi radialis brevis.
500

What are the 3 membranous Labyrinth divisions? What are the functions of each?

1. Vestibule Labyrinth -> Saccule = for linear motion & vertical acceleration. Utricle = horizontal acceleration

2. Semicircular ducts (3) -> rotary motion

3. Cochlear Labyrinth -> hearing

500

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle and superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

500

Name five Postural disorders:

Kyphotic-lordotic, Rounded back, scoliosis, swayback, torticollis, forward head posture, rounded shoulders, raised shoulder, knocked knees, fallen posture, hyperpronation

M
e
n
u