Epidemics, Endemics, & Pandemics
an epidemic that appears from a specific source
What is common-source epidemic?
a person in a population who has a particular disease, condition, or injury
What is case?
individual who has been exposed and carries a pathogen but has not become ill or shown symptoms of the disease
What is healthy carrier?
uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is direct transmission?
preventing a disease/disorder before it occurs
What is primary prevention?
appears from infections passed on from one infected person to another
What is propagated epidemic?
the first disease case in the population
What is primary care?
individual who has been exposed and carries a pathogen for some time, even though they may have recovered from the disease
What is active carrier?
droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is airborne transmission?
requires behavior change in the individual
What is active primary prevention?
an epidemic that affects the population of a whole country or the world
What is pandemic?
the first disease case brought to the epidemiologist
What is index case?
an individual who carries a pathogen and although is in the recovery phase from the disease, is still infectious
What is convalescent carrier?
an agent is carried by some intermediate item, organism, or process to a host, that results in disease
What is indirect transmission?
doesn't require behavior change on the individuals part
What is passive primary prevention?
occurrence of an illness or health related events in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
What is epidemic?
someone who becomes infected after the disease was introduced to a population and were infected by the primary case
What is secondary case?
individual who has been exposed to & carries a pathogen, who is in the beginning stages of the disease, is showing symptoms & can transmit the disease
What is incubatory carrier?
when an arthropod conveys the infectious disease
What is vector-borne transmission?
health screening & detection used to diagnose a disease
What is secondary prevention?
ongoing and constant existence of a disease in a community or group of people
What is endemic?
individual(s) who have all symptoms of a disease but has not been diagnosed as having the disease
What is suspect case?
individual who has been exposed to and carriers the pathogen & who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals
What is intermittent carrier?
pathogen experiences changes in its life cycle while within the host and before transmitted to a new host
What is biological transmission?
limiting disability through rehabilitation when disease has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?