Tonic Talk
This type of IV solution stays in the vascular space.
What is an isotonic solution?
Sodium
135-145 meq/L
A major neurological risk of severe hyponatremia due to cell swelling.
What are seizures? (or coma)
This fluid compartment contains the majority of total body water.
What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
A positive Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign indicates this imbalance.
What is hypocalcemia?
“Go out of the vessel” describes this type of solution.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Potassium
3.5 - 5.0 meq/L
This condition results from excess water diluting sodium, often seen in SIADH.
What is hypervolemic hyponatremia?
The kidneys, RAAS, ADH, and thirst work together to maintain this balance.
What is fluid homeostasis?
This electrolyte imbalance commonly occurs with kidney failure and is often accompanied by hypocalcemia.
What is hyperphosphatemia?
This solution pulls fluid into the vascular space.
What is a hypertonic solution?
Calcium
8-10.5 mg/dl
The most common cause of hypokalemia.
What is diuretic therapy?
This principle explains fluid movement across capillary membranes based on hydrostatic and oncotic pressure.
What is Starling’s law of capillaries?
Loss of deep tendon reflexes is associated with this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hypermagnesemia?
Normal saline (0.9% NS) is an example of this type of solution.
What is isotonic?
Magnesium
1.5-2.5 mEq/dl
IV potassium should never be given this way.
What is IV bolus or undiluted?
This hormone causes the kidneys to retain water when osmolality increases.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This electrolyte is primarily stored in bone and affects neuromuscular function.
What is magnesium?
Using the mnemonic I-O-E, hypertonic fluids do this to fluid movement.
What is enter the vessel?
Isotonic fluids stay where I put it
O hypotonic fluids go Out of the vessel
E hypertonic fluids Enter the vessel
Phosphorus
2.5-4.5mg/dl
This resin exchanges sodium for potassium in the intestine.
What is sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?
These peptides promote sodium and water excretion to decrease fluid volume.
What are natriuretic peptides?
This electrolyte imbalance often presents with fatigue, constipation, and kidney stones.
What is hypercalcemia?