Locomotion :(
Exotics
Horses are Aliens
Alimentary
Grab Bag
100

What type of bone formation forms most of the skeleton during embryonic development?


Endochondral ossification

100

What is the name of the ventral shell of the tortoise?

Plastron 

100

Which organ is notably absent in the horse?

Gallbladder

100

The omasum can be auscultated on what side of the cow?

The right side

100

What is the name of the green structure?

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

200

What is the role of the digital cushion and what is it made of?

It plays an important role in shock absorption and circulation. It is comprised mainly of: collagen, elastic fibers, and adipose tissue

200

What species has a penis with four branches, and why the heck does it need so many branches?

The echidna

They are constantly mating 

200

Why can't horses vomit?

They have a very well defined cardiac sphincter


also bc they're aliens 

200

What are sacculations?

also known as haustra. Contractions (haustration) in the large intestine chop and mix the chyme. Sacculations are formed by these contractions, which look like little pockets in the intestine 

200

Which muscles of the eye are innervated by the abducens nerve?

Retractor Bulbi

Lateral Rectus 

300

What are the main components of synovial fluid? Would you find this in a synarthrotic or diarthrotic joint?

Diarthrosis

Water, hylauronic acid, lubricin, surface active phospholipids, electrolytes/glucose

300

What is the role of the proventriculous? 

Glandular (chemical) stomach

located between esophagus and gizzard 

300

What is the shape of the right kidney in a horse?

Triangular 

The left is more "heart shaped"

300

Which chamber of the ruminant stomach can be identified by its characteristic honeycomb appearance?

The reticulum



300

What are the two main erectile tissues in the musculovascular penis, and what is the third found in the dog?

1. Corpus Cavernosum

2. Corpus spongiosum

3. Bulbus Glandis 

400

Describe the properties of a Type II (b) muscle fiber and what kind of animal you might see this in

Fast glycolytic: low myoglobin, large diameter, few capillaries

high force low duration

cheetahs, racing greyhounds, other sprinter s

400

What species has an incredibly long loop of henle?

Desert species: gerbil 

400

In what organ is are the cortex and the medulla reversed, and and what structure does this give rise to?

The ovary: ovulation fossa
400

What supplies blood to the liver?

Hepatic portal vein (nutrient rich, oxygen poor). Hepatic artery (oxygen rich, nutrient poor)

400

What muscles are involved in tidal inspiration?

diaphragm (phrenic n)

external intercostals (intercostal n) 

500

What kind of neurons are exclusive to muscle spindles?

Gamma motoneurons 

500

The triosseal canal is made up of which three bones?

scapula, coracoid, clavicle 

500

What adaptation allows horses to sleep standing up, and describe two important structures of this system.

The passive stay apparatus:

Prevention of shoulder flexion: serratus ventralis and biceps brachii

Stifle locking mechanism (medial patellar ligament, medial trochlear tubercle)

Superficial digital flexor tendon (prevents flexion of tarsus as stifle is locked)

reciprocal apparatus (peritoneus tertius)

500

What is the difference between a Homodont, a Heterodont, and a monodont? Extra points if you can name an example of each.

homodont: all teeth the same, most vertebrates except mammals

Heterodont: more than one tooth morphology. Mammals 

monodont: only one tooth. Narwhal

500

describe the flow of cerebral spinal fluid 

Lateral ventricles-->interventricular foramen-->third ventricle-->cerebral aqueduct-->fourth ventricle -->central canal of spinal cord or DSS

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