Information Encoding
Identify the three steps of information processing
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Acronyms like "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" are an example of this
Mnemonic Devices
Identify the three distinct memory storage systems
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
Related to Short-Term Memory, this describes our active auditory and visual processing, which holds about seven chunks of information at a time for about 20 seconds.
Working Memory
The process of encoding certain information without conscious effort
Automatic Processing
This effect describes the encoding of semantics of information by relating it to your own life
Self-reference effect
Iconic and echoic memories are both examples of this.
Sensory Memory
This form of retrieval failure refers to when an older memory disrupts the recall of a newer memory
Proactive Interference
Most important processing strategy, conscious repetition of information, is also known as this
Rehearsal
You can encode more efficiently if you organize your information into meaningful groups, also known as this.
Chunking
This term describes a vivid memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Flashbulb Memory
This form of retrieval failure refers to when a newer memory disrupts the recall of an older memory
Retroactive Interference
This effect describes our tendency to recall the first and last items on an unorganized list more easily
Serial Position Effect
This effect describes how humans are better able to retrieve information when we are in an environment similar to the one in which we initially encoded the information.
Context Effect
Processed through the cerebellum, this procedural memory recalls skills such as reading or riding a bike.
Implicit Memory
Replaced by the scientifically-backed "motivated forgetting," this term refers to Freud's debunked explanation for the process of moving anxiety-producing memories to the unconscious mind
Repression
More effective than encoding sound or images is the encoding of meaning, also known as this.
Semantic Encoding
This effect describes that humans are better able to retrieve when we are in the same physical (caffeine, alcohol) or emotional state (happy, sad) we were in when we encoded information.
State-Dependent memory
or
State Dependency (effect)
Processed through the hippocampus, this declarative memory refers to the recalling of facts and experiences.
Explicit Memory
This effect refers to incorporating misleading information into a memory of an event.
Misinformation Effect