Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker
Describe how ARBs work and give an example.
They bind with the angiotensin II receptors in the adrenal cortex to block vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone. By blocking RAAS they lower the blood pressure.
Losartan, Valsartan, Candesartan, Olmesartan
What nursing intervention is important when administering a beta blocker?
Monitoring the heart rate
How do calcium channel blockers work and what are some examples?
Prolong cardiac conduction, depress depolarization, and decrease oxygen demands on the heart.
Norvasc (amplodipine)
Diltizaem (Cardizem)
Nifedepine (Procardia)
Verapamil (Verelan)
Describe how ACE inhibitors work and list the common adverse effects.
Prevent ACE from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, works as a vasoconstrictor, and stimulates aldosterone release which lowers the blood pressure.
Hypotension, chest pain, angina, and arrhythmias. Non-productive cough, GI irritation, and constipation.
Monitor renal function test
How does a vasodilator work and what is it used for?
Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation leading to vasodilation and a drop in BP.
Used for hypertension. by
Contraindications for Beta Blockers
Pregnancy-Category C
Asthma
First-degree heart block, Heart Failure, and Bradycardia
Caution in Diabetics: Can mask the symptoms of hyperglycemia
What drug class is commonly added to a patient's blood pressure regimen?