Fluid Balance
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium & Magnesium
Acid-based Balance
100

Interventions for a patient with fluid volume excess?

What are daily weight, diuretics, Fluid and Sodium restrictions, I & O, semi or high fowler's position.


100

The normal range for serum calcium.

What is 9 to 11 mg/dL?

100

The normal range for sodium (Na)

What is 135 to 145 mEq/L?

100

The normal range for potassium and magnesium.


What is Potassium - 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L and 

Magnesium - 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L 

100

Normal values for pH, PCO2 and HCO3

Normal pH = 7.35 to 7.45 

Normal PCO2 = 35 to 45 

Normal HCO3- = 22-26

200

Interventions for a patient with deficient fluid volume?

What are daily weight, I & O, Increase fluid intake, treat underlying cause

200

Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia

What are facial spasms, lips, tingling sensation around mouth, mental status changes, increased and irregular heart rate, Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign.

200

Patients at risk for developing hypocalcemia

What are Patients with NPO status, use of diuretics, GI suctioning, decreased aldosterone, and excess ingestion of hypotonic fluids?

200

Signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia and the 

the population is vulnerable to hypomagnesemia. 

What are positive Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign, increased and irregular heart rate, mental status changes, diarrhea and abdominal cramping, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes? 

What are alcoholics?

200

Health problems of a patient at risk for respiratory acidosis.

What are Chronic lung diseases such as COPD, drug overdose, or anything condition that causes the patient to hypoventilate?

300

Expected signs/symptoms in a patient with fluid volume excess.

What are bounding pulse, increased BP, weight gain, increased and dilute urine output , increased and shallow respirations, possible neck vein distention, pitting edema, & crackles?

300

Important to monitor calcium levels following a thyroidectomy.

What is hypocalcemia?


300

Symptoms of hyponatremia

What are weakness, N/V/D, mental status changes such as confusion, disorientation and personality changes?

300

Sign/symptoms of hypokalemia

What are muscle fatigue and cramping, mental status changes, shallow ineffective respirations due to diminished skeletal muscle activity, irregular and weak/thready pulse, dysrhythmias?

300

A nursing action for a patient experiencing a severe anxiety episode.  

What is having the patient breathe into a paper bag?

400

Expected findings for a patient who dehydrated.

Skin tenting, dry mucous membranes, thirst, decrease urine output.


400

Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia

What are increased BP and pulse, skeletal muscle weakness, decreased GI motility including diarrhea, severe fatigue, confusion.

400

Signs/symptoms of hypernatremia?

What are thirst, mental status changes due to too little water in and around the brain, tremors, seizures, muscle weakness?

400

Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia

What are muscle twitching and cramps, muscle weakness, hypotension, slow and irregular heart rate, dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest?

400

The correct interpretation of the following ABG?
pH = 7.31
PaCO2 = 52 mmHg
HCO3- = 26 mEq/L

What is respiratory Acidosis?

500

Expected lab results for a client   with dehydration.


Increased Hct and BUN and increased urine specific gravity, 

 

500

Interventions for hypercalcemia

What are telemetry monitoring, IV fluids, medications including the diuretic, and meds that slow calcium movement from bones to the blood such as calcitonin.

500

Interventions for hypernatremia

What are daily weight, I & O, diuretics, and sodium restriction?

500

Food sources for potassium

What are potatoes, sweet potatoes, soybeans, bananas, tomato juice, dried apricots, kidney beans, orange juice, spinach?

500

 The expected blood gas values for a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis. 

What is pH less than 7.35, PCO2 between 35-45, HCO3- of less than 22?

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