Vocab
ἡ ὁδός
the road
the goddess
ἡ θεός
παύω in the future, 2nd person singular
παύσεις
οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τὸν δῆμον θύειν τὴν εἰρήνην κελεύουσι(ν).
The brothers order the people to sacrifice the peace.
ὁ ὀφθαλμός
the eye
with sacrifices
θυσίαις
κελεύω in the aorist, 1st person plural
ἐκελεύσαμεν
ἐπεὶ τᾶ δῶρα ἔθυες, τὴν χώραν εφυλάττομεν.
Since/after/when you were sacrificing the gifts, were were guarding the land.
ἵνα, ὡς, ὅπως
δή
in fact, of course
of the prizes
τῶν ἄθλων
φυλλάτω in the aorist subjunctive, 3rd person singular
φυλάξῃ
λόγῳ τὴν εἰρήνην ἐλελύκεσαν, ἔργῳ οὔ.
They had dissolved the peace by word, but not by deed.
What does the tense of a subjunctive or optative in a purpose clause tell you when translating?
the aspect of the action (not the time)
ἐπειδή
after, since, when
the wars as direct object
τοὺς πολέμους
θύω in the perfect, 3rd person plural
τεθύκασι(ν)
οἱ θεοὶ τὸν Ὅμηρον κελεύσουσι τοῖς μὲν φίλοις χρῦσὸν πέμπειν, τοῖς δὲ ξένοις στεφάνους.
The gods will command Homer to send gold to the friends, one the one hand, and to [to send] crowns to the guests, on the other hand.
Which cases does the preposition παρά take, and what does each prepositional phrase mean?
παρά (+gen) : from (the side of)
παρά (+dat) : at (the side of), at the house of
παρά (+acc) : to (the side of), beside; contrary to
μέν ... δέ
on the one hand...on the other...
οἱ στέφανοι καὶ τὰ δῶρα
παιδεύω in the aorist optative, 3rd person plural
παιδεύσαιεν or παιδεύσειαν
ἢ τῇ βουλῇ ἢ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾷ δῶρα πέμψουσιν oi φίλοι ἵνα μὴ λύσητε τὴν φιλίαν.
The friends will send gifts either to the council or to the assembly in order that you may not dissolve the friendship.
What is the syntax of φυλάττοιεν? (tense, mood, and why those specific tenses and moods?) Translate the purpose clause (second part of sentence).
ἆρα πρὸ τῆς νίκης ἐκελεύσατε τοὺς φίλους ταῖς θεοῖς θῦσαι ὅπως εὖ φυλάττοιεν τὴν χώραν;
Present optative - in the optative because the sentence is in secondary sequence; the present tells us the progressive aspect of the action
Did you command the friends to sacrifice to the goddesses before the war in order that they might be guarding the land well?