INTRODUCTION &
BASICS/BIOMECHANICS
BASICS/BIOMECHANICS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
ARTHOKINEMATICS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
HIP JOINT
KNEE JOINT
100
Federal requirements for slope of
wheelchair ramp
What is 1 inch rise for 1 foot
run?
100
• Bone density increases in response to increased
forces imposed.
• Bone density decreases in response to decreased
forces imposed.
What is WOLFF’S LAW?
100
The classification of joints that are Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Gomphosis
What is Synarthrodial joints?
100
1._______ receives impulses from other parts of nervous system. Brings impulses to
cell body
2._______ transmits impulses away from cell body
1.What are Dendrites?
2. What are Axons?
100
This is where length change occurs in a muscle
What are Sarcomeres?
100
The femoral head sits in this structure of the pelvis
what is an ACETABULUM?
100
The movements and normal range of motions of the knee joint
What is...
• Flexion = 0-135°
• Extension = 0
200
• Force is between the axis and
resistance.
• Mechanical advantage:
• Resistance Arm always longer than Force Arm.
What is a Third class lever?
200
Less dense, porous or spongy
• Less opaque upon x-ray
• Latticework of inner portion of bone
• Trabecular systems
What is Cancellous bone?
200
Fibrous connective tissue
Support and joining
Non-elastic (but flexible)
Allows motion & controls motion
Standard, capsular, and intracapsular
What are Ligaments?
200
A DTR response grade that is a slight but definitely present response; may or may not be normal
What is a 1+?
200
A place where muscle joins tendon
what is a Musculotendinous
junction?
200
The normal range of motions for all movements at the hip
What is...
FLEXION
0-120°
EXTENSION
0-15 TO 30°
ABDUCTION
0-45°
ADDUCTION
0-30°
INTERNAL ROTATION
0-45°
EXTERNAL ROTATION
0-45°
200
This structure in the knee
Provides medial stability in the
frontal plane
Tightens during extension, slack
during flexion
Fibers of the medial meniscus
attached to this ligament
What is the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)?
300
describes magnitude and direction
-force, velocity, acceleration
-EX: a car is moving 60 mph and heading north
What is Vector?
300
slippage at the epiphyseal plate causing interruption of blood supply to the femoral head; necrosis of bone
what is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
300
the two types of Uniaxial joint:
One plane of motion about one axis
One degree of freedom
What are Hinge joints and Pivot joints?
300
A pathology where the radial nerve is compressed; weakness or paralysis of wrist and finger extensor muscles
What is the Saturday night palsy?
300
The distance from max elongation to max shortening
What is Excursion?
300
THE FEMORAL HEAD ROLLS ANTERIORLY
AND GLIDES POSTERIORLY DURING THIS MOVMENT
What is MEDIAL ROTATION?
300
Femoral medial condyle is 1/2 inch longer than femoral lateral condyle
• During extension, articular surface of lateral condyle runs out of room to roll/glide with remaining room at medial condyle
• Medial condyle must continue to slide posteriorly to “use up” all of its room
• Non-weight bearing=tibia rotates laterally on femur
• Weight bearing=femur rotates medially on the tibia
What is the Screw-home Mechanism?
400
This occurs when two or more focus act on an object but push or pull in different directions; resultant force sum of the magnitudes and directions of each individual force vector
What is concurrent force?
400
Common condition at the
traction epiphysis of the
tibial tuberosity in
children (most commonly
boys) who are still
growing.
What is OSGOOD-SCHLATTER DISEASE?
400
An end feel from a result of internal derangement of a joint due to torn cartilage (meniscus tear)
What is a Springy block end feel?
400
A section of the nervous system where tracts are called fasciculus, peduncle, brachium, column, lemniscus
What is the CNS?
400
hip flexion and knee extension can go through full ROM individually, but not simultaneously because of this...
What is Passive insufficiency?
400
The way you would position the leg to achieve an open pack position of the hip
what is 30 DEGREES FLEXION, 30 DEGREES ABDUCTION, SLIGHT
LATERAL ROTATION?
400
Half moon, wedge shaped
fibrocartilage disks
• On superior surface of the
tibia
• Thicker laterally with proximal
surfaces concave
• Absorb shock
• Deepen the flat tibial
condyles
What is the Meniscus?
500
The motion produced by forces
incorporates factors of time, space, and
mass
What is Kinematics?
500
Bone composition:
1. -⅓ _______ material that provides _______
2. -⅔ _______ material that provides _______ and _______
1. organic, elasticity
2. inorganic, strength and hardness
500
A joint surface shape that has a concave-convex relationship (most joints - shoulder, knee, elbow)
what is an ovoid joint surface shape?
500
Clinical Differences for UMN and LMN
UMN
• Spasticity
• No significant atrophy
• No fasciculation or
fibrillations
• Hyperreflexia
• + Babinski reflex
• Clonus
LMN
• Flaccid paralysis
• Marked atrophy
• Fasciculation and
fibrillations
• Hyporeflexia
• No Babinski
• No clonus
500
The muscle fiber arrangement found in the Flexor pollicis longus, tibialis posterior, and Semimembranosus
What is unipennate?
500
A special place of the hip that contains the
FEMORAL ARTERY, VEIN, AND NERVE
What is the FEMORAL
TRIANGLE?
500
pathology described as
Softening, degeneration articular cartilage
on post aspect patella caused by Increased Q angle
What is Chondromalacia Patella ?
600
1.Described as the moment arm between
the axis and the resistance (load)
2. Described as moment arm between the axis
and the force applied
1. What is resistance arm?
2.What is force arm?
600
The 5 types of tissues bones are made up of
what is
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Osseous
Nervous
Vascular?
600
1. A concave joint surface will glide on a fixed convex surface in the ________ direction as the end of the moving bone farthest from the joint.
2.A convex joint surface will glide on a fixed concave surface in the ________ direction as the end of the moving bone.
1.same
2.opposite
600
a ring of arteries at the base of the brain that supplies blood to the brain and protects it from ischemia and infarction.
Failure of one arteries of these usually does
not seriously decrease blood flow to
the region
What is the circle of Willis?
600
Closing and opening of fist through passive insufficiency in patients who do not have functional ability.
What is Tenodesis?
600
AT THE FEMORAL HEAD:
1. AN ANGLE OF INCLINATION
GREATER THAN 125 DEGREES
2. AN ANGLE OF INCLINATION LESS
THAN 125 DEGREES
BETWEEN SHAFT AND NECK OF FEMUR IN
THE TRANSVERSE PLANE:
3.ANGLE OF TORSION GREATER THAN 15º
4.ANGLE OF TORSION LESS THAN 15º
WHAT IS...
1. Coxa valga
2. Coxa vara
3. Anteversion
4. Retroversion
600
• Area behind the knee
• Popliteal artery, tibial nerve, and
common peroneal nerve run though
this region
• Medial border = semitendinosus and
semimembranosus muscles
• Lateral border=biceps femoris muscle
• Inferior borders = gastrocnemius
muscle, both heads
what is the Popliteal Space?