court structure
types of law
Legal Processes
Legal Principles and Concepts
Government Powers andConstitutional Terms
100


• Definition: A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts to determine if legal errors were made. It can uphold, reverse, or modify those decisions.

Appeals Court

100


• Definition: Laws that define crimes and set out punishments for people who commit them. It deals with offenses against society.

Criminal Law

100


• Definition: A discussion between parties to reach a mutual agreement without going to court.

Negotiation

100


• Definition: The principle that everyone must follow the law, and laws should be applied fairly to all.

Rule of Law

100


• Definition: Section 91 of the British North America Act, which lists the powers assigned to the federal government in Canada.

BNA Act (s. 91)

200



• Definition: A court that deals with minor civil disputes involving small amounts of money. It's less formal and often doesn't require lawyers.

Small Claims Court

200


• Definition: Also known as civil law; it governs relationships between individuals and organizations, such as contracts and property disputes.

Private Law

200


• Definition: A process where a neutral third party, called an arbitrator, hears both sides and makes a binding decision to resolve a dispute.

2. Arbitration

200


• Definition: A previous court decision that serves as a rule or example for future similar cases.

Precedent

200


• Definition: Section 92 of the British North America Act, which lists the powers assigned to the provincial governments in Canada.

BNA Act (s. 92)

300


• Definition: The legal team representing the government in a criminal case, aiming to prove the defendant is guilty.

Prosecution

300


• Definition: Laws that govern the relationship between individuals and the government, including constitutional, administrative, and criminal law.

Public Law

300


• Definition: A process where a neutral person, the mediator, helps disputing parties find a mutually acceptable solution.

Mediation

300


• Definition: The standard of proof in civil cases; it means that one side's argument is more likely true than not.

3. Balance of Probability

300


• Definition: Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution that are given to the federal government.

Residual Powers

400


• Definition: A court that deals with minor civil disputes involving small amounts of money. It's less formal and often doesn't require lawyers.

Small Claims Court

400


• Definition: Law that controls how government agencies operate and make decisions. It ensures they act within their

Administrative Law

400


• Definition: A court proceeding where a judge decides if there is enough evidence for a criminal case to go to trial.

Preliminary Hearing

400


• Definition: The standard of proof in criminal cases; the evidence must fully convince the court of the defendant's guilt.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

400


• Definition: Powers and responsibilities held by the federal (national) government.

National Powers

500


• Definition: The person accused of a crime in criminal court or being sued in civil court.

Defendant

500


• Definition: Law that deals with interpreting and applying the constitution, including rights and the structure of government.

5. Constitutional Law

500


• Definition: A legal process where a group of citizens (the jury) listens to the evidence and decides the outcome of a case.

Trial by Jury

500


• Definition: When someone acts carelessly without regard for the safety of others, resulting in harm or death.

Criminal Negligence

500


• Definition: Powers and responsibilities held by regional (provincial or territorial) governments.

Regional Powers

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