States of Matter
Methods of Heat Transfer
Surface Processes
Plate Tectonic Theory
Earth's Layers
100
This state of matter has the least particle kinetic energy & particles simply vibrate in place.
What is a solid?
100
This method of heat transfer involves the direct contact of particles & is how the atmosphere is heated by the Earth's surface.
What is conduction?
100
The general term for the wearing away of rocks at the Earth's surface by wind & water.
What is weathering?
100
At this type of plate boundary, plates slide past each other horizontally, often resulting in earthquakes.
What is a transfor boundary?
100
This is the name of the Earth's outer layer that is broken into several large and small pieces that move slowly over time.
What is the crust (lithosphere)?
200
This state of matter has particles that slide past each other and fit to fill their containers.
What is a liquid?
200
You feel the warmth of a campfire even though you're not touching the flames because of this type of heat transfer.
What is radiation?
200
Wind, water, and ice act as agents of this process, moving weathered material from one place to another.
What is erosion?
200
Mid-ocean ridges, where new crust is formed as plates move apart, are examples of this type of plate boundary.
What is a divergent boundary?
200
Located directly beneath the crust, this is the thickest layer of the Earth.
What is the mantle?
300
This state of matter has the most kinetic energy & expands to fill its container.
What is a gas?
300
In the Earth's atmosphere, heat is transferred through this method of heat transfer where hot air rises and cool air sinks.
What is convection?
300
The buildup of sediment in a river delta at the mouth of a river is an example of this surface process.
What is deposition?
300
Volcanic island arcs, like those found in Japan, are typically formed at this type of boundary, where two oceanic plates collide.
What is a convergent boundary?
300
This layer of the Earth is liquid and made of mostly iron and nickel - generates Earth's magnetic field.
What is the outer core?
400
This is required for a phase change like condensation & freezing.
What is a decrease in thermal energy?
400
These materials are a poor conductor of heat, which is why we often use these materials for pot holders.
What is an insulator?
400
Windblown sand accumulates over time to create these shifting hills in deserts and along coastlines.
What are dunes?
400
The process where a denser oceanic plate slides beneath a less dense continental or oceanic plate is called this.
What is subduction?
400
This layer of the Earth is a solid sphere made of mostly iron and nickel and is the hottest layer of the Earth.
What is the inner core?
500
This is required for a phase change like evaporation & melting.
What is an increase in thermal energy?
500
The sun's energy travels through the vacuum of space as electromagnetic waves to Earth through this method of heat transfer.
What is radiation?
500
The continuous erosion by a river carves out this steep-sided valley.
What is a canyon?
500
The collision of two continental plates, without subduction, often resulting in formation of these large landforms, like the Himalayas.
What are mountains?
500
The mantle has this type of heat transfer where hot fluid rocks rise and cool fluid rocks sink.
What is convection (convection currents)?