Week 1
(Cardiac Anatomy + Hemodynamics)
(Cardiac Anatomy + Hemodynamics)
Parabolic flow is best seen in ____ arteries.
Small arteries (plug is for large arteries)
LAVi reflects what?
The cumulative effects of increased LV filling pressures over time
The majority of myxomas originate in which chamber?
Left Atrium
Endocarditis is an infection of the heart’s ______ cells that cover the inner borders of the heart muscle.
epithelial
How do you treat PDA?
• Indomethacin
• Device closure with a coil
• Occluder
• Plug
___% of congenital cardiac abnormalities are ruled out with a normal AP 4
65%
First degree AV Block is characterized by? (How many seconds?)
Prolongation of the PR interval (>0.2 sec)
Up to ____ of patients who undergo cardiac surgery develop a pericardial effusion (that usually contains fibrin strands)
85%
The most common valve at risk for subacute infection is the _____ valve.
Mitral
What is a common cause of Flail Tricuspid Leaflet?
Blunt chest trauma from a motor vehicle accident
Refers to the resistance the left ventricular contraction must overcome for flow ejection
Afterload
List 3 symptoms of heart failure!
Cushing disease related to excessive cortisol from a pituitary tumor causes _____ ?
LVH (Left ventricular hypertrophy)
Alternating variations in QRS amplitudes over a series of beats is known as?
Electrical alternans
Pulmonic stenosis commonly causes which chamber finding due to outflow obstruction?
RV hypertrophy
Refers to the initial ventricular volume at the start of systole
Preload
Why is the normal right ventricular wall thinner than the left ventricular wall?
Normal pulmonary circulation has minimal resistance to RV emptying in systole, requiring less muscle
What is Chagas CMO characterized by?
Dilated ventricles with reduced function and LV apical aneurysm
IJV distention, Hypotension, Muffled heart sounds on auscultation, are symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade known as?
Beck’s Triad
Define Persistent Left SVC (PLSVC)
Blood from left arm drains directly into coronary sinus through the brachiocephalic vein
What is the term for the muscular ridge that separates the RA into the two portions and extends vertically from the IVC to SVC?
crista terminalis
A right ventricular pacer wire crossing the tricuspid valves typically results in?
A small amount of tricuspid regurgitation
Chronic anemia (a hematologic disorder) leads to which cardiac presentation?
Volume overload presenting as left ventricular hypertrophy with a systolic flow murmur
What are 4 Doppler findings of tamponade?
1. >25% increase MV during expiration
2. >40% decrease TV during expiration
3. pulsus alternans
4. hepatic vein diastolic flow reversal
Define pseudotruncus:
Pulmonary atresia, overriding AO, associated with VSD/ DO NOT confuse with truncus arteriosus