Chun's argument
This scholar argues software shapes power, knowledge, and everyday life
Wendy Hui Kyong Chun
What enforces rules automatically and shapes what users can and cannot do?
Software
What early computing term referred to the human workers doing calculations?
This illusion is created by code as users believe instructions directly produce results
Illusion of control
This posits that decisions are subject to "black box" processes, which decreases transparency in algorithms
Algorithmic governance
What early machine was programmed by women and represents early computing history?
ENIAC
In prioritizing profit or engagement over user agency, this feature of code is said to set the "default" settings of human interaction
Invisible architecture
Creativity
Chun describes software as both technical and?
Political
The capacity for digital protocols to bypass national borders and legal jurisdictions, creating a type of globalized, standardized law "of the platform."
What hierarchical structure influenced early programming?
Military command structures