Macromolecules
What are the four macromolecules?
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
Eukaryotic cells have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic don't.
_______________ is the first stage of the cell cycle.
Interphase
How are DNA and RNA different?
DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
Most of our understanding of heredity comes from breakthroughs made by an Austrian monk named Gregor _____________.
Mendel
________________ _______________ is the reaction that connects monomers.
Dehydration synthesis
What are the three tenets of classic Cell Theory?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
________________ is the final stage of the cell cycle.
Cytokinesis
What are the four bases of DNA and which bases do they pair with?
A = T
C = G
_____________ alleles show themselves physically whenever they are a part of the genotype.
Dominant
__________________ is the reaction that breaks down polymers.
Hydrolysis
What are the four parts of the cell membrane?
How are mitosis and meiosis different?
Mitosis produces identical copies of DNA, meiosis produces random half copies of DNA.
Which nitrogenous base is in RNA that isn't in DNA? What does it replace?
U replaces T
FF would be an example of a ___________________ _______________ genotype,
homozygous dominant
Which macromolecule is made of C, H, O, and N?
Protein
How are passive and active transport different?
Passive transport doesn't require energy input because it moves down the concentration gradient; active transport requires energy input because it moves up the concentration gradient.
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm splits, dividing the cell in two.
In protein synthesis, the mRNA uses the DNA as a template during __________________.
transcription
Ff would be an example of a ____________________ genotype
heterozygous
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
How is facilitated diffusion different from normal diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion moves through a protein because it cannot move through the phospholipid bilayer.
What happens during interphase?
The cell grows, copies DNA, and does its normal jobs
In protein synthesis, the information from the RNA is decoded to produce amino acids during __________________.
ff would be an example of a _____________________ ________________ genotype.
homozygous recessive