Pg. 5
Chromosome
when cell is preparing to divide and the DNA strands and proteins coil up tightly
Cytosine
nitrogenous base, always paired with Guanine (G)
Locus
which chromosome and where on the chromosome the gene is found (its address)
shape of DNA
Guanine
nitrogenous base, always paired with Cytosine (C)
Phenotype vs Genotype
Geno: the two alleles an individual inherited for a particular trait
Pheno: how the genotype is expressed (what you see)
the strands of a DNA molecule are complementary (opposite)
Adenine (A) is always across from Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) is always across from Cytosine ( C )
Karyotype
a picture displaying all the chromosomes of one organism
(ex: humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs)
Hypothesis
a possible answer to a complex problem; an educated guess
Adenine
nitrogenous base, always paired with Thymine (T)
Homologous Chromosome (pair)
2 chromsomes with the same genes
Heterozygous vs. Homozygous
Heterozygous: 2 different alleles (ex: A/a or M/n)
Homozygous: 2 of the same alleles (ex: A/A or a/a)
Thymine
nitrogenous base, always paired with Adenine (A)
Gene
a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait
Migration
movement of organisms from one population to another; seasonal and long-distance movement of animals from one habitat to another