Experiments are designed to find THIS type of relationship.
Cause and Effect
When a researcher collects data by watching a participants behavior.
What is an observation?
This is the 5 letter acronym we use to evaluate/judge research.
What is GRAVE?
The participants willingly participate (Ex. responding to an advertisement)
What is Volunteer Sampling?
Participants should not be exposed to abnormal risk/personal injury.
What is protection from harm?
This is a strength of a field experiment:
What is seeing the real/natural behavior of participants? No Demand Characteristics
OR
What is not needing a laboratory?
Limited-response questions that collect quantitative data. (Ex. Multiple-choice)
What are Closed Questions?
Keeping all parts of the procedure the same for everyone.
What is Standardization?
This type of data shows quality of thought, rather than numbers.
What is qualitative data?
Participants can leave the experiment at any time.
What is the Right To Withdraw?
Separate groups are used for each IV
What is Independent Measures Design?
Jane Goodall observed chimpanzees in their natural habitat. She wanted to understand their natural behavior. Ms. Goodall conducted THIS type of observation:
What is naturalistic observation?
This is the idea that an experiment's procedures should relate to a real world situation. Field experiments are usually strong here.
What is ecological validity?
Mean, Median, and Mode are all measures of this:
What is central tendency?
What is Deception?
An individual difference in a participant, such as age, memory, or caffeine tolerance.
What is a Participant Variable?
These are interviews where most of the questions are predetermined, but the researcher has freedom to ask other relevant questions.
What are structured interviews?
Features of an experiment that give away the goal of the study, and may cause participants to behave unnaturally.
What are Demand Characteristics?
BONUS: What evaluation criteria do demand characteristics lower? G/R/A/V/E?
This is what a normal distribution/bell curve looks like:
(draw!!)
Bonus: what type of graph is this?
Personal information should not be released to anyone outside the study.
What is Confidentiality?
These are the three types of Experimental Design:
What are repeated measures, independent measures, and matched pairs?
This is what correlational studies can NEVER do:
What is determine causation/cause and effect.
The extent to which the researcher is testing what they should be.
What is Validity?
In the Milgram experiment, participants responded to an ad posted around town. This is the sampling method used:
What is volunteer sampling?
BONUS: What was the AIM of the Milgram Experiment?
Participants are fully aware of the parts of the experiment and agree to participate.
What is Informed Consent?
This is a weakness of repeated measures design, where the same participants experience each level of the IV
(they go through the procedures multiple times).
What are order effects?
Participants are exposed to each level of the IV, and therefore may experience practice/fatigue effects
Case Studies use multiple methods to understand a specific patient or small group.
THIS is the name for the requirement that a case study must use 3 methods to gather data.
What is triangulation?
Only white males were tested in the Milgram Experiment. This lowered the experiments...
(hint: measure of how well the sample matches the population?)
What is Generalizability?
This is a strength of opportunity sampling
What is easiest for the researcher/gets the most participants fastest?
Housing, Pain and Suffering, and Replacement are ethical issues when it comes to this:
What is animal studies/nonhuman participants/using animals in psychological research?