Rhetorical Situation
The issue, problem, or situation that causes a person to speak or write
Exigence
To make the audience feel something (an emotion) about what is presented to it
Pathos
The last time you had an original idea, what did you do with it?
Rhetorical Question
a definitive statement about the way things are, were, will be, or should be.
Claim
the way an author sets up their text
Organizational Patterns
What the writer hopes to accomplish by writing or speaking
Purpose
Try to persuade audience using facts, logic, or reason
Logos
Luxottica, the 800-pound gorilla of the industry, controlled more than 80 percent of the eyewear market.
Metaphor/Hyperbole
limits to an argument. They oftentimes include words such as 'most', 'usually', 'always' or 'sometimes'.
Qualifiers
Show the opposing side has an unsound/unfair/weak argument
Refuation
the person or group of people the writer crafts the message for
Audience
Typically uses “credible” or seemingly trustworthy people to convey message
Ethos
But now there are GOATs everywhere we turn. Even worse than the acronym’s overuse is its doltish simplicity.
Loaded Language
an argument that one’s opposition would make
Counterargument
Which sentence contains a qualifier?
College graduates struggle to repay their student loans.
Most college graduates struggle to repay their student loans.
2
What makes a writer qualified to write about a specific topic?
education, experience, publications, honors/achievements/recognition, how extensive their research is
"Among nearly a thousand scientists at the Food and Drug Administration, more than 40 percent were afraid that they would face retaliation if they spoke up publicly about safety concerns."
Logos
[W]e shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
Asyndeton
to acknowledge the validity of some aspect of the counterargument, to acknowledge some aspect of the opposition’s concerns, to acknowledge a shortcoming of your argument
Concession
Which sentence contains a qualifier?
Often, minimum wage earners have to make the choice between paying a bill or buying groceries.
Minimum wage earners can not afford to pay for both utilities and groceries.
1
What is the difference between a writer’s purpose and their message?
purpose: what they hope to accomplish (what they want from the audience)
message: main points; the argument itself (how they achieve their purpose)
“There are so few originals in life,” says renowned executive Mellody Hobson, because people are afraid to “speak up and stand out.” What are the habits of the people whose originality extended beyond appearance to effective action?
Ethos
It will not reduce our need for arms or allies or programs of assistance to others.
Polysyndeton
Which sentence contains a concession?
[1] Yes, these tires are expensive. [2] But why would you risk your baby’s life by buying cheap tires that may cause your car to skid during heavy rain?
1
When appropriate, why is it important to concede in an argument?
to appear fair, knowledgeable, and understanding of the complexities of an issue