Skeletal & muscular system
Name the three bones in the leg
Femur, tibia, Fibula
larynx
Blood
blood vessels
Heart
name the two energy systems
anaerobic and aerobic
how many types of levers are there
3
name the three different types of joints and examples of each
Synovial: ball and Socket
Slightly moveable: Rib
Fixed: Cranium
Identify and explain the characteristics of alveoli that enable gaseous exchange to occur.
one cell thick; enables gas to diffuse across, surrounded by capillaries
name the components of blood and their function
RBC- 02 carry capacity
WBC- fight infection
Platelets- clot
Plasma- carry nutrients; liquid
explain the difference between the two energy systems with sport examples
Link duration and intensity to the use of aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
• longer, low-intensity activities require aerobic
team sports and long duration activities like running marathons
• shorter, intense activities require anaerobic
sprinting, weight lifting
how do you calculate force?
force = mass × acceleration
name the 2 muscles in the arm, and two muscles in the back
Bicep
Tricep
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
The function of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in normal breathing.
during inhalation
the diaphragm contracts and flattens allowing the chest cavity to expand, the intercostal muscles move up and outwards increasing the cavity size and causing an area of low pressure, forcing air to move into the cavity.
during Exhalation
the diaphragm relaxes and returns to original state, the intercostal muscles move down and inward decreasing the cavity size and causing an area of high pressure, forcing air to move out of the cavity.
name the largest artery in the body
Aorta
explain • Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (also known as oxygen debt)
the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid, and replace the body's reserves of oxygen, is called the oxygen debt. When someone who has been exercising pays back an oxygen debt, it can take from a few hours for normal exercise, to several days after a marathon.
*requiring high breathing rate after exercise to remove lactic acid
Identify and explain the forces acting upon:
• a moving performer (3)
• a sprinter in the blocks (3)
• an object flying through the air (3)
• a moving performer (gravity, air resistance, muscular force)
• a sprinter in the blocks (gravity, ground reaction force, air resistance)
• an object flying through the air (force applied at release, air resistance, gravity).
explain antagonistic muscle pairs and give an example to illustrate you understanding
explain these 4 terms
tidal volume
vital capacity
residual volume
minute ventilation.
Tidal volume: Tidal volume is the volume of gas that is moved in and out of the lungs per breath.
vital capactiy: It is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation
residual volume: the amount of air left in the lungs after complete inhalation and exhalation
Minute ventilation: Minute ventilation is defined as the amount of air breathed per minute, which equals about 6 liters
arteries; carry blood away from heart, thick muscular walls, withstand blood at high pressure
veins; thin walls, low pressure blood, have valves, carry blood back to heart
capillaries; connect veins and arteries, thin walls; 1 cell think; gas exchange occurs
list The short-term effects of exercise:
• heart rate increases
• breathing rate increases
• red skin / heat control / sweating
• fatigue (feeling tired)
• suffering from nausea / feeling light-headed.
Identify the fulcrum, resistance and effort in all types of levers. State an example of each type of lever in the body.
first class
E F L : nodding head
second class
E L F: standing on toes
third class.
F E L: lifting weight in bicep curl
Describe the The differences between muscle fibre types
with reference to physical activities, limited to:
• force created
• fatigue tolerance
• aerobic/anaerobic energy supply.
Fast and slow twitch
Fast: more explosive short duration activities, large about of explosive force created, fatigues easily and fast, anaerobic energy supply
Explain the pathway of 02 from the atmosphere into the blood in capillaries
02 enters through mouth or nasal cavity
travels down the pharynx
larynx
trachea
branches into right and left Bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli
diffusion occurs here; moving from high concentration in lungs to low concentration in blood in capillaries
name all the structures of the heart
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
explain The long-term effects of exercise on:
• heart size
• resting pulse rate
• stroke volume
• lactic acid.
increased size of left ventricle
decreased RHR
increased sv
tolerate lactic acid longer
Random Bonus question:
in the lion King, what was SCARs name before he was called SCAR
TAKA: translation garbage/trash