Terms
Atoms
Macro-molecules of Life
Misc.
Terms 2
100

_____ bonds form by the transfer of an electron, while _____ are formed when electrons are shared by two atoms

Ionic; covalent


100

Electrons have a mass of approximately _____ amu, while protons and neutrons both have a mass of _____ amu. (amu means atomic mass unit.

0; 1


100

name the 4 macromolecules of life

Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates 

100

Organic compounds all contain _____.

Carbon

100

 The smallest unit that scientists agree is alive is the _____.

Cell

200

_____ refers to the entire set of chemical reactions which occur within an organism.

Metabolism

200

 The four most abundant elements in the human body are _____, _____, _____, _____.


Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

200

 The bonds between the subunits in a protein are called _____ bonds

peptide

200

If a word ends in -ase, it probably refers to a(n) _____.

 enzyme


200

_____ refers to chemical reactions which lead to the production of complex molecules or structures within an organism

Anabolism

300

A reaction in which the molecules produced have less potential energy than the reactants is an [exergonic/endergonic] reaction.

exergonic

300

 Atoms are composed of _____, _____, and _____.

 protons, neutrons, electrons


300

Proteins are made of _____, joined together in a chain.

amino acids

300

The two major types of nucleic acid are _____ and _____.

DNA

RNA

300

_____ refers to chemical reactions which degrade or destroy complex molecules or structures within an organism in order to capture energy or raw materials

Catabolism

400

When a constant, dynamic equilibrium is maintained despite changes in the environment (for example, our ability to maintain a constant body temperature), this is called ____

homeostasis

400

The nucleus of an atom consists of approximately, but not always exactly, equal numbers of _____ and _____.

protons; neutrons


400

When a protein unfolds, its function is lost: this process is called _____.

denaturation

400

 Enzymes and other catalysts work by lowering _____ energy

 activation


400

Enzymes – biological catalysts; most are proteins. 

what do they do? 


-Speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy 

-Highly specific for individual substrates (substance that can bind to the enzyme’s active site)

-Do not alter the reactants or products

-Not permanently altered in reactions catalyzed

500

 Ions are often called _____, because they can carry an electric current

electrolytes

500

What is the atomic number of an atom with 5 protons and 6 neutrons?

5

500

 Triglycerides consist of three _____ joined to a molecule of _____.

 fatty acids; glycerol


500

 The subunits of nucleic acids are _____.

nucleotides

500

__________ is a catabolic reaction that useswater to break up polymers into smaller subunits

Hydrolysis

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