Basics of the Nervous System
The central nervous system is made up of the
Brain and spinal cord
This neuroglia protects neurons from infection
microglia cells
cells have a natural resting charge of
-70 mV
this neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of happiness
serotonin
This structure makes up the majority of the brain can be divided into 4 lobes
cerebrum
The peripheral nervous system can be split into these two parts
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
this neuroglia connects neurons to blood vessels
astrocytes
The threshold of charge that when passed triggers an action potential is
-55 mV
this neurotransmitter is associated with muscle contraction
acetylcholine
This lobe of the brain is responsible for high level critical thinking, speech, and personality
frontal lobe
Describe the difference in function between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
sympathetic= fight or flight
parasympathetic= rest and digest
this neuroglia makes myelin in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
In what order does an action potential go through the axon, dendrite, and cell body
dendrite -> cell body -> axon
this neurotransmitter is associated with pain reduction
endorphins
This area of the brain is responsible for controlling fear and aggression
amygdala
Give the 3 basic parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrite, and axon
this neuroglia lines the outside of the brain and is important for protection
ependymal cells
As an action potential travels, the charge of the axon rapidly rises to about +30 mV and then returns to normal. This process of rising and lowering is called ___________ and _______________
Depolarization and polarization
this neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of motivation and reward
dopamine
This area of the brainstem is associated with ANS functions like controlling heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, and sneezing
Medulla oblongata
What type of organelle is the chromatophilic substance and why is it important
rough endoplasmic reticulum
makes neurotransmitters
This neuroglia makes myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells
If you wanted an action potential to travel faster what two things could you structurally change about the axon
Larger diameter, more myelination
this neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
this meninge middle layer of connective tissues surrounding the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid
arachnoid mater