Ch 46
axial vs appendicular skeleton
axial- skull, ribs, sternum,spine (protects vital organs)
appendicular- arm, leg (bones), pelvis, clavicle (movement)
purpose of capillaries & alveolis
Alveoli-Location: Clustered at the very end of the respiratory bronchioles deep inside the lungs. Purpose: Serve as the primary structural units for gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood.
capillaries- exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues. They are located throughout the entire body.
Know the muscle types, skeletal, smooth, cardiac (voluntary or involuntary)
Skeletal- attached to bone; voluntary
Smooth muscle- organ func; involuntary
Cardiac- heart muscle; involuntary
know composition of blood & func
55%-plasma-90% of water, transports nutrients, hormones & proteins (bloodcotting problems, antibody & homeostasis proteins), Carries away waste products
41% RBCS
4% WBCS & Platelets
Know where each structure of the Epidermis is, and its function. Keratin, Melanin, Exocrine System
Keratin- proteins w/ epidermis (rough/leathery)]
Melanin- brown skin pigment (tan)
Exocrine System- release secretions through ducts
know how blood circulates thru heart
1)Deoxygenated blood from the body goes to the Right Atrium
2) Right atrium through the Tricuspid Valve into the the Right Ventricle
3) Blood is pumped through the Pulmonary Valve into the Pulmonary artery to the lungs to exchange CO2 for O2
4) Oxygenated blood returns to the Left Atrium
5) Left Atrium through the mitral valve into the Left Ventricle
6) Blood is pumped through the Aortic Valve into the Aorta(main artery of the body)
difference in female and male skull & pelvis
female-wide arch
male-narrow
male skull- square chin, large brow ridge, jawline
female skull- small brow ridge, more pointed jaw.
describe the bone changes in a person as they age
ossification- mineralization of cartilage into bone- bone resorption (breakdown) begins to exceed bone formation (growth)
epiphyseal plate (cartilage based ends of bones where elongation occurs) vs epiphyseal line(solid bone tissue)-Plates are present in children and teenagers. Lines are present only in adults.
skull changes- more smooth, no cracks/lines