Abnormal Pregnancies
Loss of pregnancy due to chromosomal abnormalities or maternal illness is called what?
Spontaneous abortion
A mother with placenta previa should avoid what procedure?
Vaginal exams
Virus that attacks the immune system and can be transmitted perinatally.
HIV/AIDS
Ultrasound performed after 12 weeks to assess fetal growth, anatomy, and placenta placement.
Abdominal ultrasound
Medication given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent antibody formation.
RhoGAM
What is the main concern with HIV/AIDS in pregnancy?
Maternal viral load and perinatal transmission; breastfeeding is contraindicated
Name two risk factors for placental abruption.
Hypertension, trauma, cocaine use, smoking
Common herpes virus often asymptomatic in mothers but can cause congenital infection in the fetus.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Ultrasound used for early dating, ectopic pregnancy confirmation, or cervical assessment.
Vaginal ultrasound
When should an Rh-negative mother receive RhoGAM during pregnancy?
At 28 weeks and postpartum if baby is Rh-positive
Name two risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.
PID, IUD, prior tubal surgery, smoking
Name two warning signs of spontaneous abortion.
Heavy bleeding, passage of tissue, foul discharge, fever
Name two TORCH infections that can cause congenital defects.
Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, Herpes Simplex Virus
Name two indications for a non-stress test (NST).
High-risk pregnancy (diabetes, hypertension, decreased fetal movement, post-dates)
What does a positive indirect Coombs test indicate?
Mother has Rh antibodies, risk of fetal hemolysis
Painless bright red bleeding in the second or third trimester due to placenta covering the cervix is called?
Placenta previa
What is the primary nursing intervention for DIC?
Treat underlying cause, give blood products, monitor strict I&O
Which infection can be contracted from unheated deli meats and may lead to miscarriage or preterm birth?
Listeriosis
What is the maximum score on a biophysical profile (BPP)?
10
Why is RhoGAM important after a miscarriage in an Rh-negative mother?
Prevent sensitization to Rh-positive fetal blood
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall causing painful dark bleeding is called?
Placental abruption
Condition with massive clotting that consumes clotting factors causing uncontrolled bleeding.
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
What is the main nursing teaching for a pregnant woman with HIV?
Encourage ART compliance, avoid breastfeeding, consider C-section if high viral load
What is assessed during kick counts?
Fetal movement, indicating oxygenation and neurologic status
Name one method of fetal surveillance if maternal Coombs test is positive.
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler, possible early delivery