Fergilicious Definitious
The lowest drug concentration that inhibits bacterial growth
What is minimum inhibitory concentration?
What are beta-lactams?
Aminoglycosides, FQ, and metronidazole are examples of ___-dependent antibiotics.
What is concentration-dependent antibiotics?
Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes
In addition to tetanus antitoxin and supportive care, this antibiotic is often given.
What is penicillin?
Inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are not safely attainable in the patient
What is resistant?
Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and changes cell membrane permeability which can lead to cell death
What are aminoglycosides/tetracyclines?
This class is notorious for causing tendonitis and should be reserved for multi-drug resistant infections in most cases.
What are fluoroquinolones?
Gram-positive/negative, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia spp and some protozoa (Haemobartonella, Anaplasma spp.)
What are tetracyclines?
Treatment for Rhodococcus Equi.
Rifampin + Azithromycin/Clarithomycin
The concentration that determines if an antibiotic is susceptible, intermediate, or resistant
Inhibits the folic acid pathway
What is sulfonamides, trimethoprim or dapsone?
Class of drug that can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
What are aminoglycosides?
Extended spectrum of activity, including gram-negative except for MRSA and resistant E. faecium
What are carbapenems?
Treatment Options for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis.
1. Ponazuril (Marquis®)
2. Pyrimethamine with Sulfadiazine
3. Diclazuril
4. Levamisole/decoquinate
This describes the effect that is greater than the sum of individual components. An example is using beta lactams and aminoglycosides together.
What is synergy?
Inhibits bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase
What are fluoroquinolones?
Excede is this generation of cephalosporin.
What is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin?
Staphylococci, streptococci, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium spp., Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia spp.
What are macrolides?
Recommended antibiotic treatment if any for respiratory streptococcus equi. (Strangles)
Antibiotics are usually contraindicated as they can cause bacteria to "hide" and prolong clearance and recovery. Antibiotics (penicillin, ceftiofur) used only for complicated or severe cases.
Its acronym is name of the two letter name of now ancient audio form, this refers to the unintended consequences of antibiotic use.
What is collateral damage?
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits leading to inhibition of peptidyl transferase and thereby preventing the transfer of amino acids to growing peptide chains. Its avoided in humans due to this risk. (2 parter)
What is chloramphenicol?
Describe the coverage of activity from 1st generation to 3rd generation cephalosporins.
What is gram positive to broader gram negative coverage?
Excellent anaerobic activity. Use is generally combined with penicillin and gentamicin for broad spectrum coverage where anaerobes are suspected to be contributing (pleuropneumonia, peritonitis). Indicated in cases where Bacteroides spp. may be involved.
What is metronidazole?
Random time: Also an alliteration name the first three cranial nerves by number.
I: Olfactory
II: Optic
III: Oculomotor
The effect that occurs after the drug concentration has decreased below the MIC but bacterial growth remains suppressed
What is postantibiotic effect?
Acts as cationic detergent and damages the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leading to leakage and cellular death. Used primarily for endotoxaemia.
What is polymyxin B?
Name 2 classes that are generally considered bacteriostatic.
- Macrolides
- Clindamycin
- Sulphonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Tetracyclines
- Chloramphenicol
Mycobacterium species and S. aureus, Haemophilus, and R. equi
What is rifampin?
An antibiotic used for sepsis in foals. This is its mechanism, generation, coverage, activity (bacteriostatic/cidal) and things to monitor.
Beta lactam (cell wall inhibitor). 3rd generation. Broad spectrum (staph, strep, gram + anaerobes, , gram - HNPEK). Bacteriocidal. GI (colic), diarrhea, rash/allergic reactions, renal, LFTs.