Diagnostic Criteria
Etiology: Biological
Etiology: Cogn. & Sociocultural
Treatment:
Biological
Treatment: Psychological
100

Phobia refers to a group of anxiety symptoms brought on by certain objects or situations. T or F?

True

100

The fight or flight response is the basis of the what reaction?

Anxiety reaction

100

What are the 4 groups that the symptoms can be broken into?

Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive, Somatic

100

What type of therapy is used in biological treatment?

Biomedical therapy

100

How many types of therapy are there in psychological treatment?

4

200
How is anxiety in children expressed?

Crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.

200

What was the purpose of the PET scans carried out by Ahs et al?

To obtain images of brain activity during the exposure.

200

What is the textbook definition of a phobia?

an extreme, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

200

What medication enhances the effectiveness of GABA?

Benzodiazepines

200

What is the best known approach to psychological treatment?

Systematic desensitization

300

What criteria may be absent in children?

Being able to recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable

300

Which researcher conducted the twin studies and in what year was it conducted?

Skre et al. (2000)

300

Which researcher compared African and Caucasian Americans with regard to the types of specific phobia experienced?

Chapman et al. (2008)

300

What is biomedical therapy?

medication and awareness/self-regulation of physiological arousal

300
What are the four types of therapy in psychological treatment?

Individual therapy, virtual reality therapy, cognitive therapy, and group therapy

400

Individuals under what age, has to have the duration of fear for at least how many months?

Individuals under 18 with duration of fear for at least 6 months.

400

What are the 5 types of phobias?

Animal, natural environment, blood-injection injury, situational, and other types

400

What is the Beck and Emery Model?

Negative views about the world -> Negative views about the future -> Negative view about oneself.

400

What are the side-effects of benzodiazepines?

drowsiness, sexual difficulties, and an increase in aggression and irritability

400

What is In Vivo exposure?

real life exposure to stimulus

500
List 1 out of the 7 diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia.

Correct!

500

What are the 2 weaknesses of the biological etiology?

- Researchers tend to study animal phobias whereas situational phobias are more common

- More research is needed to discover if there are biological similarities among different phobic types

500

What is the appraisal theory?

theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations of events that cause specific reactions in different people.

500

What is anxiety?

an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes

500

What are the pros and cons of psychological treatment?

Pros: More effective, long-term, no side-effects, treats the cause

Cons: time consuming, can expensive

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