Aortic stenosis A
Aortic stenosis B
Aortic Insufficiency
Aorta Disease A
Aorta Disease B
100
Definition of stenosis
Stenosis is a narrowing of an orifice, valve or opening
100
Bicuspid aortic valve can lead to an aortic valve opening described as:
Cat eye shape
or Football shape
100
Aortic insufficiency leads to an increase in Preload or Afterload
Preload
100
What is considered the weakest point of the aorta?
Aortic Isthmus
100
For Aortic Aneurysms, surgical intervention is typically considered when the diameter exceeds:
5.5
200
What type of murmur is typically associated with Aortic Stenosis?
Harsh Systolic Ejection Murmur
200
What structure within the heart is the most affected by Infective Endocarditis?
Heart Valves
Low pressure side of the valve
200
When assessing a case of Aortic Insufficiency, a pressure halftime (PHT) of 350 ms would be classified as:
Moderate
200
What type of arterial aneurysm bulges or balloons out on all sides?
Fusiform
200
A abnormal narrowing of a portion of the descending aorta, would be referred to as:
Aortic Coarctation
300
What common congenital defect can lead to early onset of aortic stenosis?
Bicuspid aortic valve
300
In cases of Aortic Stenosis, what kind of changes could be expected in the Ascending Aorta or Aortic Root?
Enlargment (dilated)
300
Which factor is LEAST likely to cause Aortic Insufficiency?
- Infective Endocarditis
- High Blood Pressure
- Aortic Dissection
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
High Blood Pressure
300
In regard to an aorta dissection what is the location of Standford Type A dissection?
Ascending aorta
300
Aneurysm that causes an enlargement that only affects the outer layer of the blood vessel wall.
Pseudoaneurysm
400
In cases of aortic stenosis, what effects will be expected in regard to the LV wall thickness in diastole?
Increase in LV wall thickness
400
What is the primary reason for the development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Aortic Stenosis?
Pressure overload, making the LV work harder to push blood out the smaller aortic valve.
400
Pulse wave doppler of the Abdominal Aorta in cases of Severe Aortic Insufficiency will typically show:
Diastolic flow reversal
400
What pathology is indicated by the pathology noted in the above image of Doppler obtained in the descending aorta?
Severe Aortic Regurgitation
400
Identify the pathology seen above:
Fusiform Aneurysm with thrombus formation
500
Chronic Moderate Aortic Stenosis will have what affect on the left ventricular pressures?
Increase pressure, leading to pressure overload
500
With aortic stenosis will you have an increase in
Preload or Afterload
Afterload
500
The "rain hitting a tarp" sound described in Austin Flint murmur indicates:
Aortic insufficiency with anterior mitral valve leaflet involvement
500
A patient presents to your laboratory complaining of fatigue, weakness and syncope. You perform an echocardiogram and obtain the following measurements: Use the continuity equation to solve.
LVOTd: 2.0 cm AoV-VTI: 45 cm
RVOTd: 2.3 cm LVOT-VTI: 25 cm
What is this patient’s Aortic Valve Area?
1.74 cm2
500
With Stanford classification of aortic dissection, where would the dissection be located with Stanford type B?
Descending thoracic aorta
600
What is the range for Aortic Valve Area (AVA) in moderate aortic stenosis?
1.0 - 1.5 cm2
600
An Aortic Valve Maximum Velocity (V-max) of 4.5 m/s would indicate what severity of Aortic Stenosis, based on velocity alone?
Severe aortic stenosis
600
In the context of Aortic Insufficiency, Acute Aortic Insufficiency is considered to have what affect on the left ventricle.
Volume and pressure overload
600
What are the names of the three branches off the aortic arch in order from left to right
Innominate
Left Common Carotid
Left Subclavian
600
On echo the ascending aortic root was measured at 4.0 cm, how would you classify dimension?
Abnormal, enlarged