Proteins
This level of structure describes the order and identity of amino acids
This is a monomer of sugars which is the most common source of cellular energy
What is glucose?
Purines have this many carbon rings
2
These are the only two universal organelles
Ribosomes and cell membranes
This is the golden rule of evolutionary biology
FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION
This level of protein structure has an irregular 3-dimensional shape. It forms from chemical interactions between alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.
What is tertiary structure?
This kind of fat is artificially synthesized and is known to cause health problems
What are trans fats?
Name the three main components of a DNA molecule
Nitrogenous bases, the phosphate group, and deoxyribose
Name two organelles that assist in recycling/breaking down cell products and waste
Lysosomes and peroxisomes
BONUS SPACE: Recite every amino acid from memory or do 5 push ups
no really
This level of protein structure consists of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets. Proteins take on these shapes due to chemical attraction and repulsion between amino acids
What is secondary structure?
This kind of macromolecule is often attached to cell membranes to act as a receptor
What are short-chain carbohydrates?
Name the Purines and Pyrimadines, and tell me which is which
Purine: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimadines: Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
This is the site of lipid synthesis
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Eukaryotes: nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, both kinds of ribosomes, bigger, single and multicellular
Prokaryotes: nuclear region, no membrane-bound organelles, only free ribosomes, smaller, only single celled
This is what we call a protein when it is in its natural, best-functioning state
What is the native conformation?
This is the scientific term to describe the main component of cell membranes
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA
Deoxyribose vs ribose
Double stranded vs single stranded
Thymine vs Uracil
Describe the endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiotic theory states that the organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts were once prokaryotic organisms. Once they were absorbed by eukaryotic cells, the two organisms worked mutualistically to help eachother.
Draw a glycerol and a fatty acid tail
oof
What are non-polar, polar, positively charged, and negatively charged
Describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated fats have their carbon chains bonded with as many hydrogens as possible.
Unsaturated fats have at least two double bonded carbons
DNA is always read from ____ to ____
5' to 3'
Describe the composition of cell walls between plants and bacteria
Plants: cellulose (sugar based)
Bacteria: peptidoglycan (sugar and fat-based)
Draw a protein molecule with its 4 functional groups
Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, R group