Chemistry of Life
This property of water allows it to stick to other substances, contributing to capillary action.
What is adhesion?
The type of transport that moves molecules against a concentration gradient using energy.
What is active transport?
This stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
Type of biological molecule whose name ends in -ase
What is a suffix for an enzyme?
The type of bond responsible for water’s cohesion and high specific heat.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of these.
What are membrane-bound organelles?
The final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration.
What is oxygen?
What element can form 4 bonds?
This process builds polymers by removing a water molecule.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This type of cell transport does not require energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient by coupling with another molecule’s gradient
What is secondary active transport (or cotransport)?
This gradient of this chemical across the inner mitochondrial membrane is essential for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the proton (H⁺) gradient?
The major cellular process that uses NADPH as an electron carrying molecule.
What is photosynthesis?
The function of this macromolecule depends on its folding into a unique 3D shape, which is driven by interactions like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges.
What is a protein?
What are ribosomes?
Enzyme activity can increase by changing this factor, but only to a certain point before leveling off.
What is substrate concentration?
Location where the H+ is concentrated to power chemiosmosis in cellular respiration.
What is the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
This type of bond forms between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a single water molecule.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Name the theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts based on their double membranes and independent DNA.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
This type of molecule binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site, altering the enzyme’s function.
What is an allosteric inhibitor (or allosteric effector)?
In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP in this process.
What is chemiosmosis