Thermochemistry
What is the formula for standard free energy for electrochemical and electrolytic cells? What is the formula for standard free energy when the reaction is not at standard conditions?
Delta G = -nFEoCell, Delta G = Delta Go + RTln(Q)
What are the four factors that affect reaction rate?
Temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts.
What two elements have electron deficits?
Boron and Beryllium
What are the three types of intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest?
LDF, Dipole Interactions, H-Bonding
What are the five types of crystalline solids?
Ionic solids, molecular solids, atomic solids, network solids, metallic solids
What is the formula for calorimeter heat capacity?
C = q/Delta T
What is the formula for the half life of a second order reaction?
t1/2 = 1/k[A]o
What is the formula for Coulomb's Law?
F = Qq1q2/r2
Fill in the blanks.
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the _____ the boiling point of the molecule. The stronger the intermolecular bonds, the _____ the heat of vaporization.
Higher, stronger
What is lattice energy and what kind of process is it?
Energy released when forming an ionic salt. Exothermic process.
This question has two parts:
1. What is the formula for work energy?
2a) If Q<0, the reaction is ______.
b) If Q>0, the reaction is ______.
c) If W<0, the gas ______.
d) if W>0, the gas ______.
1. W = (P)(Delta V)
2a. exothermic
b. endothermic
c. expands
d. compresses
Nuclear Decay reactions are ______.
First order reactions
Where in an atomic structure would you label a sigma bond and where would you label a pi bond?
Sigma bond in a single bond, Pi bond in double/triple bonds.
This question has multiple parts.
1. What is the relationship between IMFs and Surface Area?
2. What is the relationship between IMFs and Viscosity?
3. What is the relationship between IMFs and Vapor Pressure?
4. What is a barometer used for?
1. Greater IMFs, greater SA
2. Greater IMFs, greater viscosity
3. Greater IMFs, lower VP
4. Used to measure pressure
What is the relationship between lattice energy and melting point?
The higher the lattice energy, the higher the melting point.
1. If H<0 and S>0, the reaction is _______.
2. If H>0 and S<0, the reaction is _______.
3. If H<0 and S<0, the reaction is _______.
4. If H>0 and S>0, the reaction is _______.
1. Thermodynamically favored at all temperatures.
2. Not thermodynamically favored at all temperatures.
3. Can be thermodynamically favored at low temperatures.
4. Can be thermodynamically favored at high temperatures.
What is the formula for the relationship between reaction rate and temperature (Arrhenius Equation)?
k = Ae-Ea/RT
What are the steric numbers for the following VSPER shapes?
Linear, bent, trigonal planar, irregular tetrahedral, square pyramidal
Linear: 2
Bent: 4
Trigonal Planar: 3
Irregular tetrahedral: 5
Square pyramidal: 6
Describe how to prepare a 100 ml of 3.00 M HCl from 12.0 M concentrated HCl.
Measure approxiamtely 50 mL of water into a volumetric flask using a beaker. Using a buret, measure exactly 25.0 mL of HCl into the volumetric flask. Add acid slowly to the water. Add water into the volumetric flask until the total volume is exactly 100 mL.
What is effusion?
The process through which gas particles escape through a hole in their container.
What is the integrated rate law for a zeroth order reaction? What is the formula for the half life of a zeroth order reaction?
What is the hybridization for each steric number?
Steric number of 2: sp
Steric number of 3: sp2
Steric number of 4: sp3
Steric number of 5: dsp3
Steric number of 6: d2sp3
Describe chromatography and the formula for retention factor.
Separates the components of a solution based on their differing molecular structures and resulting in differing intermolecular forces. In an experiment, the solvent is called the "mobile phase" and the paper is called the stationary phase. The more solubility/affinity a dye has for a solvent and the weaker and the weaker the ADSORBTION, the farther the dye will travel up the paper. Components of a solution will separate according to how readily they dissolve in the mobile phase versus how strongly the adsorb onto the stationary phase.
Retention factor formula:
Rf = distance traveled by solute/distance traveled by solvent
What are the three formulas for kinetic energy?
KE = 3/2RT
KE = 0.5mv2
v = square root of 3RT/M