Unit 1 Atomic Structure & Properties
This principle states that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.
The Aufbau Principle
Which elements form hydrogen bonds with Hydrogen?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine (N, O, F)
What is Boyle's Law?
There is an inverse relationship between Pressure (P) and Volume (V)
What is the loss of electrons called?
Oxidation
What is a bond formed by the transfer of electrons?
Ionic Bond.
This is the ground-state electron configuration for a Cu+ ion.
[Ar] 3d10
What is the bond angle of a trigonal pyramidal molecule?
107o (or slightly less than 109.5o)
What is the hybridization of Carbon in CO2?
sp hybridization
What are the ions called that do not participate in a chemical reaction?
Spectator ions.
Which molecular halogen has the strongest London Dispersion Forces?
Bromine (Br2)
Why does Chlorine have an average atomic mass of 35.45 amu?
Isotopes and Relative Abundance
What type of solid conducts electricity only when liquid?
Ionic Solid
Which has the higher boiling point, NH3 or PH3?
NH3 (due to Hydrogen Bonding)
What is the stoichiometric point in a titration?
Equivalence Point
What are the 5 main types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Single Replacement, Double Replacement
This periodic trend explains why Chlorine has a smaller atomic radius than Sodium.
How many sigma and pi bonds are in ethyne?
1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
Particulate Volume (or size)
Why is HF not a strong acid?
Which compound has a higher lattice energy, MgO or NaF?
MgO, because the +2/-2 onic charge differential.
This experimental technique uses high-energy photons to eject electrons, providing evidence for shell structure.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)
Why are the bonds in the nitrate ion equal in length?
Resonance
On a Phase Change Diagram, why does temperature remain constant during phase changes?
The added heat energy is being used to break intermolecular forces, not increase the temperature.
What is the most precise tool for diluting a solution?
What law explains why every sample of H2O is always 11% Hydrogen and 89% Oxygen by mass?
The Law of Definite Proportions (or Constant Composition)