Famous Names
Memory Aides
Memory
Processing
Amnesia
100

pioneered research regarding relearning, and analyzed memory data for patients finding that most information tended to drop off quickly, leaving one with less than 25% of their originally-learned knowledge after a month.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

100

the organizing of information into familiar, manageable units.

Chunking

100

the momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli—
a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few seconds

Iconic memory

100

the intentional encoding of information that requires attention and effort.

Effortful processing

100

the condition in which patients fail to develop new memories

Anterograde amnesia

200

Pioneered research on the misinformation effect by working with eyewitness accounts in the legal system. Successfully showed that simply re-wording questions altered the recollection of witnesses.

Elizabeth Loftus

200

memory aids, like acronyms, and other tricks we use to remember information.

Mnemonics

200

the momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.

Echoic memory

200

the unconscious encoding of incidental information,
such as space, time, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.

 automatic processing

200

the failure to retrieve old information from one’s past

retrograde amnesia

300

One of the first sets of field work that attempted to identify intelligence. Created a concept of a general factor of intelligence.

Charles Spearman

300

the spacing of learning and relearning (reviewing) information across several days or weeks rather than cramming the information.

Spacing effect

300

the memory of facts and experiences that one can
consciously know and declare

Explicit memory

300

encoding on a basic level, based primarily on the structure or appearance of words


shallow processing

300

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Proactive interference

400

Due to extensive research on moral psychology and judgement by this person, we now know that decisions are based primarily on intuitive predispositions and rationalized after the fact.

Jonathan Haidt

400

the tendency to remember the
names or info at the beginning or end of a list—can impact which terms we remember more accuratel

 serial-position effect

400

The retention of information independent of conscious recollection.  This is memory information that one cannot explain (i.e., you don’t consciously think about walking—you just walk)


Implicit memory

400

the encoding of information semantically, based on the meaning of the word, its context, or its significance.  

deep processing

400

occurs when new learning disrupts the recall of old information.

retroactive interference

500

challenged the idea of general intelligence instead arguing there are three basic types of intelligence application that vary in individuals and across various contexts. Argued that intelligence can manifest itself in the analytical, creative, and practical.

Robert Sternberg

500

a situational predicament in which
people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group

stereotype threat

500

the processing of information into the  memory system by extracting meaning.

Encoding

500

short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active
processing of information that is retained temporarily to enhance our thought process


working memory

500

attributing an event or memory to the wrong source – occurs when our brains fail to retrieve a memory.

Source amnesia

M
e
n
u